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Power sources and electrical recharging strategies
for implantable medical devices
WEI Xiaojuan, LIU Jing
Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China - Selected Publications from Chinese Universities. 2008, 2 (1): 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-008-0016-3
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are critically requested for the survival of patients subject to certain serious diseases such as bradycardia, fibrillation, diabetes, and disability, etc. Appropriate working of an active implantable medical device (IMD) heavily relies on the continuous supply of electricity. In this sense, long-term powering and recharging of an IMD via a highly safe, efficient and convenient way is, therefore, extremely important in clinics. Several conventional batteries, such as lithium cell, nuclear cell and bio-fuel cell, etc., have been developed to power IMDs. Meanwhile, the recharge of IMD from outside of the human body is also under investigation. In this paper, some of the most typical IMD batteries are reviewed. Their advantages and disadvantages are compared. In addition, several emerging innovations to recharge or directly drive the implanted batteries, including electromagnetic energy transmission, piezoelectric power generation, thermoelectric devices, ultrasonic power motors, radio frequency recharging and optical recharging methods, etc., are also discussed. Some fundamental and practical issues thus involved are summarized, and future prospects in this area are made.
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Practicality study on air-powered vehicle
LIU Lin, YU Xiaoli
Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China - Selected Publications from Chinese Universities. 2008, 2 (1): 14-19.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-008-0004-7
To investigate the feasibility and outlook of air-powered vehicles including compressed air-powered vehicle and liquid nitrogen-powered vehicle, thermodynamic analysis and experiment data were used to analyze the energy density, performance, safety, running efficiency, fuel circulation economy and consumer acceptance, etc. The results show that compressed air and liquid nitrogen have similar energy density as Ni-H battery; the characteristics of an air-powered engine is suitable for driving a vehicle; the circulation efficiency of liquid nitrogen is 3.6%–14% and that of compressed air is 25%–32.3% in practice, and existing technology can assure its safety. It is concluded that though the performance of an air-powered engine is inferior to that of the traditional inert combustion engine, an air-powered vehicle is fit for future green cars to realize the sustainable development of society and environment.
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Available energy analysis of new tandem double-capillary
tube refrigeration system for refrigerator-freezers
HE Maogang, ZHANG Ying, SONG Xinzhou, ZHANG Jiantao
Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China - Selected Publications from Chinese Universities. 2008, 2 (1): 36-42.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-008-0013-6
A new tandem double-capillary tube refrigeration system for refrigerator-freezers is proposed. A capillary tube was added between the two evaporators in the fresh and frozen food storage chests to raise the evaporation temperature of the refrigerating chamber, and reduce the heat exchange temperature difference and the available energy loss. Peng-Robinson (P-R) equation of state was adopted to calculate the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerants, and the available energy analysis of the vapor compression refrigeration cycle was programmed to calculate the thermodynamic performances of the new and the conventional refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator-freezer. The calculation results show that the available energy efficiency of the conventional refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator-freezer is 21.20% and 20.57%, respectively when the refrigerant is R12 and R134a, while that of the double-capillary tube refrigeration cycle of the refrigerator-freezer is 23.97% and 23.44%, respectively. By comparison, the available energy efficiency of the new refrigeration system increases by 13.07% and 13.95%, respectively.
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Study of combustion and emission characteristics
of turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with dimethylether
WU Junhua, HUANG Zhen, QIAO Xinqi, LU Jun, ZHANG Junjun, ZHANG Liang
Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China - Selected Publications from Chinese Universities. 2008, 2 (1): 79-85.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-008-0002-9
An experimental study of a turbocharged diesel engine operating on dimethyl ether (DME) was conducted. The combustion and emission characteristics of the DME engine were investigated. The results show that the maximum torque and power of DME are greater than those of diesel, particularly at low speeds; the brake specific fuel consumption of DME is lower than that of diesel at low and middle engine speeds, and the injection delay of DME is longer than that of diesel. However, the maximum cylinder pressure, maximum pressure rise rate and combustion noises of the DME engine are lower than those of diesel. The combustion velocity of DME is faster than that of diesel, resulting in a shorter combustion duration of DME. Compared with the diesel engine, NOx emission of the DME engine is reduced by 41.6% on ESC data. In addition, the DME engine is smoke free at any operating condition.
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