|
Full lifetime cost analysis of battery, plug-in hybrid and FCEVs in China in the near future
Zhihua CAI, Xunmin OU, Qian ZHANG, Xiliang ZHANG
Frontiers in Energy. 2012, 6 (2): 107-111.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-012-0182-1
This paper analyzes the full lifetime cost of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in China in the near future. The full lifetime cost comprises the initial and periodic cost of owning and operating the vehicle. Compared with the conventional gasoline vehicles, the full lifetime cost of the BEVs, PHEVs and FCEVs are approximately 1.5, 0.5 and 2.3 times more in the short term, respectively, due to the higher initial costs and higher non-energy-related costs though the fuel costs are lower. The results also suggest that with reasonably anticipatable technological progress in the long term, the lifetime cost of advanced electric vehicles (EVs) can be close to that of gasoline vehicles. It is found that two aspects of action are most important to make BEVs cost-effective: to support technology improvement to decrease the high cost of BEV and to formulate high energy cost of operating the conventional gasoline car. Moreover, it is important to decrease the non-energy operating costs including registration fee, tax rate and etc., of BEVs at the same time.
图表 |
参考文献 |
相关文章 |
多维度评价
|
|
Harvesting biomechanical energy in the walking by shoe based on liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics
Dan DAI, Jing LIU, Yixin ZHOU
Frontiers in Energy. 2012, 6 (2): 112-121.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-012-0186-x
A liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics generation system (LMMGS) was proposed and demonstrated in this paper for collecting parasitic power in shoe while walking. Unlike the conventional shoe-mounted human power harvesters that use solid coil and gear mechanism, the proposed system employs liquid metal (Ga62In25Sn13) as energy carrier, where no moving part is requested in magnetohydrodynamics generators (MHGs). While walking with the LMMGS, the foot alternately presses the two liquid metal pumps (LMPs) which are respectively placed in the front and rear of the sole. As a result, the liquid metal in the LMPs (LMP I and II) is extruded and flows through the MHGs (MHG I and II) in which electricity is produced. For a comparison, three types of LMMGSs (LMMGS A, B and C) were built where all the parts are the same except for the LMPs. Furthermore, performances of these LMMGSs with different volume of injected liquid metal were tested respectively. Experimental results reveal that both the output voltage and power of the LMMGS increase with the volume of injected liquid metal and the size of the LMPs. In addition, a maximum output power of 80 mW is obtained by the LMMGS C with an efficiency of approximately 1.3%. Given its advantages of no side effect, light weight, small size and reliability, The LMMGS is well-suited for powering the wearable and implantable micro/nano device, such as wearable sensors, drug pumps and so on.
图表 |
参考文献 |
相关文章 |
多维度评价
|
|
A simplified model of direct-contact heat transfer in desalination system utilizing LNG cold energy
Qingqing SHEN, Wensheng LIN, Anzhong GU, Yonglin JU
Frontiers in Energy. 2012, 6 (2): 122-128.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-012-0175-0
With the increasingly extensive utilization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in China today, sustainable and effective using of LNG cold energy is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, the utilization of LNG cold energy in seawater desalination system is proposed and analyzed. In this system, the cold energy of the LNG is first transferred to a kind of refrigerant, i.e., butane, which is immiscible with water. The cold refrigerant is then directly injected into the seawater. As a result, the refrigerant droplet is continuously heated and vaporized, and in consequence some of the seawater is simultaneously frozen. The formed ice crystal contains much less salt than that in the original seawater. A simplified model of the direct-contact heat transfer in this desalination system is proposed and theoretical analyses are conducted, taking into account both energy balance and population balance. The number density distribution of two-phase bubbles, the heat transfer between the two immiscible fluids, and the temperature variation are then deduced. The influences of initial size of dispersed phase droplets, the initial temperature of continuous phase, and the volumetric heat transfer coefficient are also clarified. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data of the R114/water system.
图表 |
参考文献 |
相关文章 |
多维度评价
|
|
Enhancement of open circuit voltage in organic solar cells by doping a fluorescent red dye
Qing LI, Junsheng YU, Yue ZANG, Nana WANG, Yadong JIANG
Frontiers in Energy. 2012, 6 (2): 179-183.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-012-0177-y
The open circuit voltage (VOC) of small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs) could be improved by doping suitable fluorescent dyes into the donor layers. In this paper, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB) was used as a dopant, and the performance of the OSCs with different DCJTB concentration in copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) was studied. The results showed that the VOC of the OSC with 50% of DCJTB in CuPc increased by 15%, compared with that of the standard CuPc/fullerene (C60) device. The enhancement of the VOC was attributed to the lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level in the DCJTB than that in the CuPc. Also, the light absorption intensity is enhanced between 400 and 550 nm, where CuPc and C60 have low absorbance, leading to a broad absorption spectrum.
图表 |
参考文献 |
相关文章 |
多维度评价
|
|
Effectiveness analysis and optimum design of the rotary regenerator for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system
Xi WU, Hong YE, Jianxiang WANG, Jie HE, Jian YANG
Frontiers in Energy. 2012, 6 (2): 193-199.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-012-0184-z
The influence of the period of rotation on the effectiveness of the thermophotovoltaic (TPV) rotary regenerator was theoretically and experimentally investigated. It was found that the deviations of the theoretical results from the experimental ones decrease with the increase of the period of rotation. To the TPV system of 10 kW combustion power, the deviation is 3.5% when the rotation period is 3 s; while the deviation decreases to 1.5% when the rotation period increases to 15 s. The deviation could be mainly attributed to the cold and hot fluids carryover loss which was not considered in the model. With a new model taking account of the carryover loss established, the predicted results were greatly improved. Based on the modified model, the influence of geometrical parameters of rotary regenerator on the effectiveness was analyzed for TPV systems of various combustion power. The results demonstrate that the effectiveness increases with the increase of the rotary regenerator diameter and height, while fluid carryover loss increases at the same time, which weakens the impact of geometrical parameters.
参考文献 |
相关文章 |
多维度评价
|
12篇文章
|