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A new technique for solving the multi-objective optimization problem using hybrid approach
Mimoun YOUNES,Khodja FOUAD,Belabbes BAGDAD
Frontiers in Energy. 2014, 8 (4): 490-503.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-014-0311-0
Energy efficiency, which consists of using less energy or improving the level of service to energy consumers, refers to an effective way to provide overall energy. But its increasing pressure on the energy sector to control greenhouse gases and to reduce CO2 emissions forced the power system operators to consider the emission problem as a consequential matter besides the economic problems. The economic power dispatch problem has, therefore, become a multi-objective optimization problem. Fuel cost, pollutant emissions, and system loss should be minimized simultaneously while satisfying certain system constraints. To achieve a good design with different solutions in a multi-objective optimization problem, fuel cost and pollutant emissions are converted into single optimization problem by introducing penalty factor. Now the power dispatch is formulated into a bi-objective optimization problem, two objectives with two algorithms, firefly algorithm for optimization the fuel cost, pollutant emissions and the real genetic algorithm for minimization of the transmission losses. In this paper the new approach (firefly algorithm-real genetic algorithm, FFA-RGA) has been applied to the standard IEEE 30-bus 6-generator. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing its performance with other evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms. Simulation results show the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.
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Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin
Jihong LING, Luhui ZHAO, Jincheng XING, Zhiqiang LU
Frontiers in Energy. 2014, 8 (4): 513-520.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-014-0327-5
To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215 kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344 kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2 m3/a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7 kWh/(m2·a), that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/(m2·a), and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0 kWh/(m2·a). Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.
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