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Frontiers in Energy

ISSN 2095-1701

ISSN 2095-1698(Online)

CN 11-6017/TK

Postal Subscription Code 80-972

2018 Impact Factor: 1.701

Front. Energy    2019, Vol. 13 Issue (4) : 658-666    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-019-0645-8
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Exergy losses in premixed flames of dimethyl ether and hydrogen blends
Tongbin ZHAO1, Jiabo ZHANG1, Dehao JU1, Zhen HUANG1, Dong HAN2()
1. Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2. Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of the Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chong-qing 400044, China
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Abstract

A second-law thermodynamic analysis was conducted for stoichiometric premixed dimethyl ether (DME)/hydrogen (H2)/air flames at atmospheric pressure. The exergy losses from the irreversibility sources, i.e., chemical reaction, heat conduction and species diffusion, and those from partial combustion products were analyzed in the flames with changed fuel blends. It is observed that, regardless of the fuel blends, chemical reaction contributes most to the exergy losses, followed by incomplete combustion, and heat conduction, while mass diffusion has the least contribution to exergy loss. The results also indicate that increased H2 substitution decreases the exergy losses from reactions, conduction, and diffusion, primarily because of the flame thickness reduction at elevated H2 substitution. The decreases in exergy losses by chemical reactions and heat conduction are higher, but the exergy loss reduction by diffusion is slight. However, the exergy losses from incomplete combustion increase with H2 substitution, because the fractions of the unburned fuels and combustion intermediates, e.g., H2 and OH radical, increase. The overall exergy losses in the DME/H2 flames decrease by about 5% with increased H2 substitution from 0% to 100%.

Keywords second law analysis      flame      dimethyl ether (DME)      hydrogen      binary fuels     
Corresponding Author(s): Zhen HUANG,Dong HAN   
Online First Date: 27 August 2019    Issue Date: 26 December 2019
 Cite this article:   
Tongbin ZHAO,Jiabo ZHANG,Dehao JU, et al. Exergy losses in premixed flames of dimethyl ether and hydrogen blends[J]. Front. Energy, 2019, 13(4): 658-666.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-019-0645-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2019/V13/I4/658
Fig.1  Comparison of premixed laminar flame speeds of DME and H2 blends calculated by different mechanisms (P0 = 1 atm and T0 = 298 K).
Fig.2  Exergy loss by individual source in DME/H2-fueled laminar flames.
Fig.3  Normalized entropy generation rate from each source and temperature profiles in DME/H2-fueled laminar flames.
Fig.4  Temperature gradient profiles in DME/H2-fueled laminar premixed flames.
Reactions 0% DME 80% DME
20% H2
60% DME
40% H2
40% DME
60% H2
20% DME
80% H2
R1: CH3OCH2 + M= CH2O+ CH3 + M 11.42% 11.20% 11.03% 10.81% 9.50%
R2: CH2O+ H= HCO+ H2 9.11% 8.84% 8.70% 8.22% 6.96%
R3: HCO+ M= H+ CO+ M 7.04% 6.45% 5.67% 4.30% 1.83%
R4: CH3 + O= CH2O+ H 6.38% 6.26% 6.29% 6.14% 5.44%
R5: CH3OCH3 + H= CH3OCH2 + H2 5.71% 5.76% 5.51% 5.07% 3.75%
R6: HCO+ O2 = CO+ HO2 5.37% 5.65% 5.94% 6.55% 7.73%
R7: CH2O+ OH= HCO+ H2O 4.87% 4.68% 4.43% 4.03% 3.40%
R8: CH2 + O2 = HCO+ OH 3.97% 3.79% 3.57% 3.15% 2.21%
R9: CH3OCH3 + OH= CH3OCH2 + H2O 3.92% 4.07% 4.18% 4.46% 4.91%
R10: HO2 + H= OH+ OH 3.91% 4.12% 4.46% 5.51% 7.57%
Tab.1  Proportions of top reactions contributing to exergy loss from chemical reactions in DME/H2-fueled laminar premixed flames
Fig.5  Normalized entropy generation rate from heat conduction in DME/H2-fueled flames.
Fig.6  Dominant species in exergy loss from mass diffusion in DME/H2-fueled laminar premixed flames.
Fig.7  Normalized entropy generation rates by mass diffusion of H and OH in DME/H2-fueled laminar premixed flames.
Fuel composition H2 O OH H
100% DME 7.1E–3 1.1E–3 7.0E–3 1.8E–3
80% DME-20% H2 7.4E–3 1.1E–3 7.2E–3 1.9E–3
60% DME-40% H2 7.9E–3 1.2E–3 7.5E–3 2.0E–3
40% DME-60% H2 8.8E–3 1.2E–3 8.0E–3 2.2E–3
20% DME-80% H2 1.1E–2 1.4E–3 9.2E–3 2.8E–3
Tab.2  Molar fractions of primary incomplete combustion species in DME/H2-fueled laminar flames
X Mole fraction
Y Mass fraction
M ˙/(kg·s–1) Mass flow rate
r/(kg·m–3) Mass density
u/(m·s–1) Velocity
A/m2 Area
μk/(J·mol–1) Chemical potential of the kth species
ω ˙/(mol·(m3·s)–1)) Production rate
W/(kg·mol–1) Molecular weight
s/(J·(mol·K)–1) Specific entropy
cp/(J·(mol·K)–1) Specific constant-pressure heat
T/K Temperature
l/(W·(m·K)–1) Thermal conductivity
Dk mix?/(m2·s–1) Mass diffusivity of species k in the mixture
μ/(Pa?s) Viscosity coefficient
S/(J·K–1) Entropy
R/(J·(mol·K)–1) Universal gas constant
P/atm Pressure
h/(J·mol–1) Specific enthalpy
G/(J·mol–1) Gibbs free energy
Sgen|dissipation/(W·(m3·K)–1) Volumetric entropy generation rate due to viscous dissipation
Sgen|conduction/(W·(m3·K)–1) Volumetric entropy generation rate due to heat conduction
Sgen|diffusion/(W·(m3·K)–1) Volumetric entropy generation rate due to mass diffusion
Sgen|reaction/(W·(m3·K)–1) Volumetric entropy generation rate due to chemical reaction
Bdestruction/(W·m–2) Exergy loss due to entropy generation
Bincomplete/(W·m–2) Exergy loss due to incomplete combustion
Bfuel/(W·m–2) Initial chemical exergy carried by the fuel
0 Dead state
complete, pro Complete combustion products
incomplete, pro Incomplete combustion products
  
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