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Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and infectious
diseases |
Min-Hao WU,Ping ZHANG,Xi HUANG, |
Key Laboratory of
Tropical Diseases Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education,
Guangzhou 510080, China;Department of Microbiology,
Zhongshan School of Medicine, Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou 510080, China; |
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Abstract The protective ability of host defense system is largely dependent on germ-line encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs respond to a variety of exogenous pathogens or endogenous danger signals, by recognizing some highly conserved structures such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The most studied PRRs are Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Activation of TLRs triggers production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs) via myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent or-independent signaling respectively, thereby modulating innate and adaptive immunity, as well as inflammatory responses. This review introduces the classification, structure, and specific ligands of TLRs, and focuses on their signal pathways and biological activities, as well as clinical relevance. These studies of TLRs in the innate immune system have implications for the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), microbial keratitis, and hepatitis B and C.
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Keywords
Toll-like receptors
innate immunity
infectious disease
inflammation
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Issue Date: 05 December 2010
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