Heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotype to genotype

doi:10.1007/s11684-013-0295-x

Front Med

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (4) : 425-432 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-013-0295-x

REVIEW

Heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotype to genotype

Xu Chen¹, Xiaomao Xu², Fei Xiao¹(

)

1. Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics; 2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100730, China

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Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world and is mainly characterized by persistent airflow limitation. Given that multiple systems other than the lung can be impaired in COPD patients, the traditional FEV₁/FVC ratio shows many limitations in COPD diagnosis and assessment. Certain heterogeneities are found in terms of clinical manifestations, physiology, imaging findings, and inflammatory reactions in COPD patients; thus, phenotyping can provide effective information for the prognosis and treatment. However, phenotypes are often based on symptoms or pathophysiological impairments in late-stage COPD, and the role of phenotypes in COPD prevention and early diagnosis remains unclear. This shortcoming may be overcome by the potential genotypes defined by the heterogeneities in certain genes. This review briefly describes the heterogeneity of COPD, with focus on recent advances in the correlations between genotypes and phenotypes. The potential roles of these genotypes and phenotypes in the molecular mechanisms and management of COPD are also elucidated.

Keywords chronic obstructive pulmonary disease heterogeneity phenotype genotype prediction

Corresponding Author(s): Xiao Fei,Email:xiaofei@bjhmoh.cn

Issue Date: 05 December 2013

Cite this article:

Xu Chen,Xiaomao Xu,Fei Xiao. Heterogeneity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: from phenotype to genotype[J]. Front Med, 2013, 7(4): 425-432.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-013-0295-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2013/V7/I4/425

Tab.1 Phenotypes of COPD

Tab.2 Correlations between the phenotypes and genotypes of COPD

Fig.1 Interactions among different COPD factors

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