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The impact of hypoxia in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis |
Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Alan Ka-Lun Kai, Irene Oi-Lin Ng() |
The State Key Laboratory for Liver Research and Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China |
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Abstract Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia stabilizes transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), to activate gene transcription. Expression of HIF is closely associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in HCC. HIF mediates expression of genes that are involved in every step of HCC metastasis including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion of the extracellular matrix, intravasation, extravasation, and secondar y growth of the metastases. Because HIF is the central regulator of HCC metastasis, HIF inhibitors are attractive tools when used alone or as combined treatment to curb HCC metastasis. This review will summarize the current findings on the impact of hypoxia/HIF in HCC, with a particular focus on cancer metastasis.
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Keywords
hypoxia
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
metastasis
hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)
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Corresponding Author(s):
Ng Irene Oi-Lin,Email:iolng@hku.hk
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Issue Date: 26 April 2014
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