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Monitoring checkpoint inhibitors: predictive biomarkers in immunotherapy |
Min Zhang, Jingwen Yang, Wenjing Hua, Zhong Li, Zenghui Xu(), Qijun Qian() |
ShangHai Cell Therapy Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201805, China |
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Abstract Immunotherapy has become the fourth cancer therapy after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors are proved to be unprecedentedly in increasing the overall survival rates of patients with refractory cancers, such as advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. However, inhibitor therapies are only effective in a small proportion of patients with problems, such as side effects and high costs. Therefore, doctors urgently need reliable predictive biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor therapies to choose the optimal therapies. Here, we review the biomarkers that can serve as potential predictors of the outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, including tumor-specific profiles and tumor microenvironment evaluation and other factors.
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Keywords
immune checkpoint
companion diagnosis
PD-L1
tumor mutation burden
immune score
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Corresponding Author(s):
Zenghui Xu,Qijun Qian
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Just Accepted Date: 10 January 2019
Online First Date: 25 January 2019
Issue Date: 12 March 2019
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