Brown and beige fat: the metabolic function, induction, and therapeutic potential

doi:10.1007/s11684-015-0382-2

Front. Med.

2015, Vol. 9

Issue (2) : 162-172 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-015-0382-2

REVIEW

Brown and beige fat: the metabolic function, induction, and therapeutic potential

Shuwen Qian,Haiyan Huang,Qiqun Tang(

)

Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China

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Abstract

Adipose tissue is an important organ for energy homeostasis. White adipose tissue stores energy in the form of triglycerides, whereas brown adipocytes and recently identified beige adipocytes are specialized in dissipating energy by thermogenesis or contribution to dispose glucose and clear triglycerides in blood. The inverse correlation between the brown adipose tissue activity and body mass suggests its protective role against body fat accumulation. Thus, recruitment and activation of brown or beige adipose tissue become particularly appealing targets for increasing energy expenditure. Angiogenesis and sympathetic nerve signals are the fundamental determinants for brown and beige adipose tissue development, as well as for their metabolic functions. Secretary factors including BMPs can induce the development, the activation of brown or beige adipose tissue, which seem to be promising for therapeutic development.

Keywords brown adipocyte beige adipocyte metabolism obesity

Corresponding Author(s): Qiqun Tang

Online First Date: 08 January 2015 Issue Date: 22 May 2015

Cite this article:

Haiyan Huang,Qiqun Tang,Shuwen Qian. Brown and beige fat: the metabolic function, induction, and therapeutic potential[J]. Front. Med., 2015, 9(2): 162-172.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-015-0382-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2015/V9/I2/162

Fig.1 Origin and molecular signature of adipocytes: classical brown adipocytes derive from myf5⁺ precursors. White and beige adipocytes derive from myf5^- precursors, but may come from two distinct population of precursors. Some molecular markers express in different kind of adipocytes or fat depots.

Fig.2 Vasculature contributes to adipose expansion in variety of ways. Angiogenic vessels supply nutrients and oxygen in the blood to adipocytes. Angiogenic vessels transport mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow, or provide stem cells derived from themselves. Adipocytes produce various growth factors and cytokines that communicate with endothelial cells in a paracrine fashion to promote their growth.

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