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Hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Pathology and tumor
biology |
Dong KUANG,Guo-Ping WANG, |
Institute of Pathology,
Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; |
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Abstract Hilar cholangiocarcinoma, first described by Klatskin in 1965, is a relatively rare tumor arising from the bile ducts. The histomorphological features of hilar cholangiocarcinoma are identical with other extra- and intra-hepatic bile duct carcinomas. The most common disease associated with cholangiocarcinoma is primary sclerosing cholangitis. The development of cholangiocarcinoma is a multistep process associated with several mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Based on macroscopic appearance, three distinct subtypes have been described: sclerosing, nodular, and papillary. Microscopically, more than 95% of tumors are adenocarcinomas. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a slowly growing tumor and tends to spread longitudinally along the bile ducts with neural, perineural, and subepithelial extension. Lymph node invasion can be found in 30%–50% patients at the time of diagnosis, but blood-born metastases are rare and usually occur at late stages.
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Keywords
hilar cholangiocarcinoma
morphology
primary sclerosing cholangitis
metastasis
growth
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Issue Date: 05 December 2010
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