Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design

doi:10.1007/s11684-017-0594-8

Front. Med.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (4) : 480-489 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-017-0594-8

REVIEW

Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design

Yang Gao¹, Wen Tian¹, Xiaoxu Han¹(

), Feng Gao^2,³(

)

¹. Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
². National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
³. Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA

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Abstract

Superinfection is frequently detected among individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Superinfection occurs at similar frequencies at acute and chronic infection stages but less frequently than primary infection. This observation indicates that the immune responses elicited by natural HIV-1 infection may play a role in curb of superinfection; however, these responses are not sufficiently strong to completely prevent superinfection. Thus, a successful HIV-1 vaccine likely needs to induce more potent and broader immune responses than those elicited by primary infection. On the other hand, potent and broad neutralization responses are more often detected after superinfection than during monoinfection. This suggests that broadly neutralizing antibodies are more likely induced by sequential immunization of multiple different immunogens than with only one form of envelope glycoprotein immunogens. Understanding why the protection from superinfection by immunity induced by primary infection is insufficient and if superinfection can lead to cross-reactive immune responses will be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine design.

Keywords human immunodeficiency virus type I superinfection incidence immune response

Corresponding Author(s): Xiaoxu Han,Feng Gao

Just Accepted Date: 30 October 2017 Online First Date: 22 November 2017 Issue Date: 04 December 2017

Cite this article:

Yang Gao,Wen Tian,Xiaoxu Han, et al. Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design[J]. Front. Med., 2017, 11(4): 480-489.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-017-0594-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2017/V11/I4/480

Tab.1 Methods for the identification of superinfection

Tab.2 Identification of intrasubtype and intersubtype superinfection among different cohorts

Fig.1 Comparison of superinfection frequencies at different infection stages. The numbers of superinfected cases detected within one year and after one year were compared when all methods (left) or only NGS method (right) was used (P = 1.0 for both comparisons). Each cohort is indicated by a distinct symbol.

Fig.2 Comparison of superinfection and primary infection incidence rates.

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