Present status and progress of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer

doi:10.1007/s11684-013-0268-0

Front Med

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (2) : 172-179 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-013-0268-0

REVIEW

Present status and progress of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer

Jing Liu, Jinbo Yue, Ligang Xing, Jinming Yu(

)

Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, China

Download: PDF(134 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

Trimodality based on neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by surgery is gaining popularity as a treatment strategy for locally advanced esophageal cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of nCRT and the recommended nCRT regimens based on clinical trials and meta-analyses. We analyze the relationship of nCRT with pathologic complete response (pCR) and then identify potential predictive markers of response. Compared with surgery alone and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery, trimodality provides longer survival and has the advantage of local control compared with definitive chemoradiotherapy. The standard regimen is a platinum-based regimen with a radiation dose range of 41.4–50.4βGy by conventional fractionation. Evidence shows that patients with pCR tend to live longer than non-responders, indicating that pCR is a significant prognostic factor for patients with esophageal cancer. Individualized medicine requires predictive markers of individual patients based on their own genes. Currently, no definite marker is proved to be sufficiently sensitive and specific for use in clinical practice, although 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography shows promise in predicting response to nCRT.

Keywords esophageal cancer neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Corresponding Author(s): Yu Jinming,Email:jn7984729@public.jn.sd.cn

Issue Date: 05 June 2013

Cite this article:

Jing Liu,Jinbo Yue,Ligang Xing, et al. Present status and progress of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer[J]. Front Med, 2013, 7(2): 172-179.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-013-0268-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2013/V7/I2/172

References	Sample size (pts)	Histology(pts)	Regimen	Response	Survival
Leichman et al. [29]	93	AC 93	Oxaliplatin/5-FU/45Gy	pCR: 28%	Median survival: 28.3 months3-year survival:45.1%
Knox et al. [30]	52	AC 37SCC 15	Irinotecan/cisplatin/40βGy+ 10βGy boost	CR: 2%PR: 30%SD: 62PD: 6%	Median survival: 36 months3-year survival: 51%
Zemanova et al. [31]	107	SCC 92AC 9Others 6	Carboplatin/5-FU/45Gy, combined paclitaxel in 44 patients	pCR: 20%	Median survival: 18.0 months1-year survival: 56.7%2-year survival: 37.5%,3-year survival: 27.0%5-year survival: 21%No significant differences were found in survival when adding paclitaxel
Pasini et al. [32]	74	AC 37SCC 37	Docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU/50βGy	pCR: 47%Near pCR: 15%	Median survival: 55 months3-year survival for pCR: 83%5-year survival for pCR: 77%
Emi et al. [33]	7	SCC 7	Docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU/ 61.2 Gy	CR: 57%PR: 29%PD: 14%	NS
Ruhstaller et al. [34]	66	AC 36SCC 30	Cisplatin/docetaxel/45βGy	pCR: 23%Near pCR: 24%	Median survival: 36.5 months2-year survival: 66%3-year survival: 53%
Spigel et al. [35]	49	AC 34SCC 9Others 6	Oxaliplatin/ docetaxel/ capecitabine/45βGy	pCR: 49%	Median survival: 24.1 months1-year survival: 62.9%2-year survival: 52.2%3-year survival: 37.3%
Eisterer et al. [36]	24	AC 8SCC 16	Cisplatin/docetaxel/5-FU/40 or 60 Gy	pCR: 31%	At a median follow-up of 16.5 months, 15 patients are alive
Zanoni et al. [37]	155	AC 65SCC 90	Docetaxel/cisplatin/5-FU/ 50.4βGy	pCR: 41.9%	Median survival: 36 months5-year survival: 43%
Lee et al. [38]	19	AC 16SCC 3	Cetuximab/ irinotecan/ cisplatin/50.4 Gy	pCR: 16%	Median survival: 31 months
Bendell et al. [39]	62	AC 58SCC 4	Bevacizumab/ erlotinib/ paclitaxel/ carboplatin/5-FU/45Gy	CR: 29%PR: 35%	Median survival: 30.2 months
Idelevich et al. [40]	28	AC 22SCC 6	Cisplatin/5-FU/ bevacizumab	PR: 39%CR: 0%SD: 47%PD: 14%	Median survival: 17 months1-year survival: 68%3-year survival: 20%
Ruhstaller et al. [41]	28	AC 15SCC 13	Cisplatin/ docetaxel/ cetuximab/45βGy	pCR and near pCR: 68%	6-month survival: 96%12-month survival: 86%

Tab.1 Trials with different chemoradiotherapy regimens

1	Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61(2): 69-90 doi: 10.3322/caac.20107 pmid:21296855
2	Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2012; 62(1): 10-29 doi: 10.3322/caac.20138 pmid:22237781
3	Tytgat GN, Bartelink H, Bernards R, Giaccone G, van Lanschot JJ, Offerhaus GJ, Peters GJ. Cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia: recent advances. Dis Esophagus 2004; 17(1): 10-26 doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2004.00371.x pmid:15209736
4	Allum WH, Stenning SP, Bancewicz J, Clark PI, Langley RE. Long-term results of a randomized trial of surgery with or without preoperative chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(30): 5062-5067 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.22.2083 pmid:19770374
5	Ruteg?rd M, Charonis K, Lu Y, Lagergren P, Lagergren J, Rouvelas I. Population-based esophageal cancer survival after resection without neoadjuvant therapy: an update. Surgery 2012; 152(5): 903-910 doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.03.025 pmid:22657730
6	Mariette C, Piessen G, Triboulet JP. Therapeutic strategies in oesophageal carcinoma: role of surgery and other modalities. Lancet Oncol 2007; 8(6): 545-553 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70172-9 pmid:17540306
7	Ando N, Iizuka T, Ide H, Ishida K, Shinoda M, Nishimaki T, Takiyama W, Watanabe H, Isono K, Aoyama N, Makuuchi H, Tanaka O, Yamana H, Ikeuchi S, Kabuto T, Nagai K, Shimada Y, Kinjo Y, Fukuda H. Surgery plus chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus: a Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study—JCOG9204. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21(24): 4592-4596 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.12.095 pmid:14673047
8	Zieren HU, Müller JM, Jacobi CA, Pichlmaier H, Müller RP, Staar S. Adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy after curative resection of squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus: a prospective randomized study. World J Surg 1995; 19(3): 444-449 doi: 10.1007/BF00299187 pmid:7639004
9	Cooper JS, Guo MD, Herskovic A, Macdonald JS, Martenson JA Jr, Al-Sarraf M, Byhardt R, Russell AH, Beitler JJ, Spencer S, Asbell SO, Graham MV, Leichman LL. Chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized trial (RTOG 85-01). JAMA 1999; 281(17): 1623-1627 doi: 10.1001/jama.281.17.1623 pmid:10235156
10	al-Sarraf M, Martz K, Herskovic A, Leichman L, Brindle JS, Vaitkevicius VK, Cooper J, Byhardt R, Davis L, Emami B. Progress report of combined chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in patients with esophageal cancer: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15(1): 277-284 pmid:8996153
11	Streeter OE Jr, Martz KL, Gaspar LE, Delrowe JD, Asbell SO, Salter MM, Roach M 3rd. Does race influence survival for esophageal cancer patients treated on the radiation and chemotherapy arm of RTOG #85-01? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999; 44(5): 1047-1052 doi: 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00100-5 pmid:10421537
12	Minsky BD, Pajak TF, Ginsberg RJ, Pisansky TM, Martenson J, Komaki R, Okawara G, Rosenthal SA, Kelsen DP. INT 0123 (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 94-05) phase III trial of combined-modality therapy for esophageal cancer: high-dose versus standard-dose radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20(5): 1167-1174 doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.5.1167 pmid:11870157
13	Kachnic LA, Winter K, Wasserman T, Kelsen D, Ginsberg R, Pisansky TM, Martenson J, Komaki R, Okawara G, Rosenthal SA, Willett CG, Minsky BD. Longitudinal quality-of-life analysis of RTOG 94-05 (Int 0123): a phase III trial of definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Gastrointest Cancer Res 2011; 4(2): 45-52 pmid:21673875
14	Stahl M, Stuschke M, Lehmann N, Meyer HJ, Walz MK, Seeber S, Klump B, Budach W, Teichmann R, Schmitt M, Schmitt G, Franke C, Wilke H. Chemoradiation with and without surgery in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(10): 2310-2317 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.00.034 pmid:15800321
15	Bedenne L, Michel P, Bouché O, Milan C, Mariette C, Conroy T, Pezet D, Roullet B, Seitz JF, Herr JP, Paillot B, Arveux P, Bonnetain F, Binquet C. Chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with chemoradiation alone in squamous cancer of the esophagus: FFCD 9102. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25(10): 1160-1168 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.7118 pmid:17401004
16	Suntharalingam M, Moughan J, Coia LR, Krasna MJ, Kachnic L, Haller DG, Willet CG, John MJ, Minsky BD, Owen JB. Outcome results of the 1996-1999 patterns of care survey of the national practice for patients receiving radiation therapy for carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(10): 2325-2331 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.00.448 pmid:15800323
17	Walsh TN, Noonan N, Hollywood D, Kelly A, Keeling N, Hennessy TP. A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 1996; 335(7): 462-467 doi: 10.1056/NEJM199608153350702 pmid:8672151
18	Gebski V, Burmeister B, Smithers BM, Foo K, Zalcberg J, Simes J; the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group. Survival benefits from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy in oesophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2007; 8(3): 226-234 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(07)70039-6 pmid:17329193
19	Wang DB, Zhang X, Han HL, Xu YJ, Sun DQ, Shi ZL. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy could improve survival outcomes for esophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57(12): 3226-3233 doi: 10.1007/s10620-012-2263-8 pmid:22695886
20	Tepper J, Krasna MJ, Niedzwiecki D, Hollis D, Reed CE, Goldberg R, Kiel K, Willett C, Sugarbaker D, Mayer R. Phase III trial of trimodality therapy with cisplatin, fluorouracil, radiotherapy, and surgery compared with surgery alone for esophageal cancer: CALGB 9781. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(7): 1086-1092 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.9593 pmid:18309943
21	van Heijl M, van Lanschot JJ, Koppert LB, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Muller K, Steyerberg EW, van Dekken H, Wijnhoven BP, Tilanus HW, Richel DJ, Busch OR, Bartelsman JF, Koning CC, Offerhaus GJ, van der Gaast A. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery versus surgery alone for patients with adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (CROSS). BMC Surg 2008; 8(1): 21 doi: 10.1186/1471-2482-8-21 pmid:19036143
22	van Hagen P, Hulshof MC, van Lanschot JJ, Steyerberg EW, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Wijnhoven BP, Richel DJ, Nieuwenhuijzen GA, Hospers GA, Bonenkamp JJ, Cuesta MA, Blaisse RJ, Busch OR, ten Kate FJ, Creemers GJ, Punt CJ, Plukker JT, Verheul HM, Spillenaar Bilgen EJ, van Dekken H, van der Sangen MJ, Rozema T, Biermann K, Beukema JC, Piet AH, van Rij CM, Reinders JG, Tilanus HW, van der Gaast A; the CROSS Group. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366(22): 2074-2084 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112088 pmid:22646630
23	Mariette C, Seitz JF, Maillard, et al. Surgery alone versus chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for localized esophageal cancer: Analysis of a randomized controlled phase III trial FFCD 9901. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28 (15 suppl): Abstract 4005
24	Stahl M, Walz MK, Stuschke M, Lehmann N, Meyer HJ, Riera-Knorrenschild J, Langer P, Engenhart-Cabillic R, Bitzer M, K?nigsrainer A, Budach W, Wilke H. Phase III comparison of preoperative chemotherapy compared with chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(6): 851-856 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.17.0506 pmid:19139439
25	Burmeister BH, Thomas JM, Burmeister EA, Walpole ET, Harvey JA, Thomson DB, Barbour AP, Gotley DC, Smithers BM. Is concurrent radiation therapy required in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus? A randomised phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47(3): 354-360 doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.09.009 pmid:21084184
26	Sjoquist KM, Burmeister BH, Smithers BM, Zalcberg JR, Simes RJ, Barbour A, Gebski V; Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group. Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2011; 12(7): 681-692 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70142-5 pmid:21684205
27	Tercioti Junior V, Lopes LR, Coelho Neto JS, Carvalheira JB, Andreollo NA. Local effectiveness and complications of neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: radiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy. Rev Col Bras Cir 2011; 38(4): 227-234 (in Portuguese) doi: 10.1590/S0100-69912011000400005 pmid:21971855
28	NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers (excluding the proximal 5 cm of the stomach) version 1.2013
29	Leichman LP, Goldman BH, Bohanes PO, Lenz HJ, Thomas CR, Billingsley KG, Corless CL, Iqbal S, Gold PJ, Benedetti JK, Danenberg KD, Blanke CD. S0356: a phase II clinical and prospective molecular trial with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and external-beam radiation therapy before surgery for patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29(34): 4555-4560 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.36.7490 pmid:22025151
30	Knox JJ, Wong R, Visbal AL, Horgan AM, Guindi M, Hornby J, Xu W, Ringash J, Keshavjee S, Chen E, Haider M, Darling G. Phase 2 trial of preoperative irinotecan plus cisplatin and conformal radiotherapy, followed by surgery for esophageal cancer. Cancer 2010; 116(17): 4023-4032 doi: 10.1002/cncr.25349 pmid:20533506
31	Zemanova M, Petruzelka L, Pazdro A, Kralova D, Smejkal M, Pazdrova G, Honova H. Prospective non-randomized study of preoperative concurrent platinum plus 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiotherapy with or without paclitaxel in esophageal cancer patients: long-term follow-up. Dis Esophagus 2010; 23(2): 160-167 doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2009.00984.x pmid:19515190
32	Pasini F, de Manzoni G, Zanoni A, Grandinetti A, Capirci C, Pavarana M, Tomezzoli A, Rubello D, Cordiano C. Neoadjuvant therapy with weekly docetaxel and cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil continuous infusion, and concurrent radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer produced a high percentage of long-lasting pathological complete response: a phase 2 study. Cancer 2013; 119(5): 939-945 doi: 10.1002/cncr.27822 pmid:23165781
33	Emi M, Hihara J, Hamai Y, Aoki Y, Okada M, Kenjo M, Murakami Y. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil for esophageal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 69(6): 1499-1505 doi: 10.1007/s00280-012-1853-7 pmid:22382882
34	Ruhstaller T, Widmer L, Schuller JC, Roth A, Hess V, Mingrone W, von Moos R, Borner M, Pestalozzi BC, Balmermajno S, K?berle D, Terraciano L, Schnider A, Bodis S, Popescu R; the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK). Multicenter phase II trial of preoperative induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation with docetaxel and cisplatin for locally advanced esophageal carcinoma (SAKK 75/02). Ann Oncol 2009; 20(9): 1522-1528 doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp045 pmid:19465425
35	Spigel DR, Greco FA, Meluch AA, Lane CM, Farley C, Gray JR, Clark BL, Burris HA 3rd, Hainsworth JD. Phase I/II trial of preoperative oxaliplatin, docetaxel, and capecitabine with concurrent radiation therapy in localized carcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28(13): 2213-2219 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.24.8773 pmid:20351330
36	Eisterer W, DE Vries A, Kendler D, Spechtenhauser B, K?nigsrainer A, Nehoda H, Virgolini I, Lukas P, Bechter O, W?ll E, Ofner D. Triple induction chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer. A phase II study. Anticancer Res 2011; 31(12): 4407-4412 pmid:22199307
37	Zanoni A, Verlato G, Giacopuzzi S, Weindelmayer J, Casella F, Pasini F, Zhao E, de Manzoni G. Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer in a single high-volume center. Ann Surg Oncol 2012; Dec 29 [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1245/s10434-012-2822-4 pmid:10.1245/s10434-012-2822-423274533" target="blank"> doi: 10.1245/s10434-012-2822-423274533
38	Lee MS, Mamon HJ, Hong TS, Choi NC, Fidias PM, Kwak EL, Meyerhardt JA, Ryan DP, Bueno R, Donahue DM, Jaklitsch MT, Lanuti M, Rattner DW, Fuchs CS, Enzinger PC. Preoperative cetuximab, irinotecan, cisplatin, and radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Oncologist 2013;18(3):281-287 doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2012-0208 pmid:23429739
39	Bendell JC, Meluch A, Peyton J, Rubin M, Waterhouse D, Webb C, Burris HA 3rd, Hainsworth JD. A phase II trial of preoperative concurrent chemotherapy/radiation therapy plus bevacizumab/erlotinib in the treatment of localized esophageal cancer. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2012; 10(7): 430-437 pmid:22895283
40	Idelevich E, Kashtan H, Klein Y, Buevich V, Baruch NB, Dinerman M, Tokar M, Kundel Y, Brenner B. Prospective phase II study of neoadjuvant therapy with cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and bevacizumab for locally advanced resectable esophageal cancer. Onkologie 2012; 35(7-8): 427-431 doi: 10.1159/000340072 pmid:22846974
41	Ruhstaller T, Pless M, Dietrich D, Kranzbuehler H, von Moos R, Moosmann P, Montemurro M, Schneider PM, Rauch D, Gautschi O, Mingrone W, Widmer L, Inauen R, Brauchli P, Hess V. Cetuximab in combination with chemoradiotherapy before surgery in patients with resectable, locally advanced esophageal carcinoma: a prospective, multicenter phase IB/II Trial (SAKK 75/06). J Clin Oncol 2011; 29(6): 626-631 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.31.9715 pmid:21205757
42	Urba SG, Orringer MB, Turrisi A, Iannettoni M, Forastiere A, Strawderman M. Randomized trial of preoperative chemoradiation versus surgery alone in patients with locoregional esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19(2): 305-313 pmid:11208820
43	Berger AC, Farma J, Scott WJ, Freedman G, Weiner L, Cheng JD, Wang H, Goldberg M. Complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma is associated with significantly improved survival. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23(19): 4330-4337 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.05.017 pmid:15781882
44	Scheer RV, Fakiris AJ, Johnstone PA. Quantifying the benefit of a pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 80(4): 996-1001 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.03.003 pmid:20584580
45	Park JW, Kim JH, Choi EK, Lee SW, Yoon SM, Song SY, Lee YS, Kim SB, Park SI, Ahn SD. Prognosis of esophageal cancer patients with pathologic complete response after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 81(3): 691-697 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.06.041 pmid:20888705
46	Bollschweiler E, H?lscher AH, Metzger R. Histologic tumor type and the rate of complete response after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer. Future Oncol 2010; 6(1): 25-35 doi: 10.2217/fon.09.133 pmid:20021207
47	van Hagen P, Wijnhoven BP, Nafteux P, Moons J, Haustermans K, De Hertogh G, van Lanschot JJ, Lerut T. Recurrence pattern in patients with a pathologically complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for oesophageal cancer. Br J Surg 2013; 100(2): 267-273 doi: 10.1002/bjs.8968 pmid:23180560
48	Schauer M, Janssen KP, Rimkus C, Raggi M, Feith M, Friess H, Theisen J. Microarray-based response prediction in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16(1): 330-337 doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-1673 pmid:20028767
49	Mamede M, Abreu-E-Lima P, Oliva MR, Nosé V, Mamon H, Gerbaudo VH. FDG-PET/CT tumor segmentation-derived indices of metabolic activity to assess response to neoadjuvant therapy and progression-free survival in esophageal cancer: correlation with histopathology results. Am J Clin Oncol 2007; 30(4): 377-388 doi: 10.1097/COC.0b013e31803993f8 pmid:17762438
50	Tan S, Kligerman S, Chen W, Lu M, Kim G, Feigenberg S, D’Souza WD, Suntharalingam M, Lu W. Spatial-temporal [(18)F]FDG-PET features for predicting pathologic response of esophageal cancer to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 85(5):1375- 1382 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.10.017 pmid:23219566" target="blank">23219566
51	Klaeser B, Nitzsche E, Schuller JC, K?berle D, Widmer L, Balmer-Majno S, Hany T, Cescato-Wenger C, Brauchli P, Zünd M, Pestalozzi BC, Caspar C, Albrecht S, von Moos R, Ruhstaller T. Limited predictive value of FDG-PET for response assessment in the preoperative treatment of esophageal cancer: results of a prospective multi-center trial (SAKK 75/02). Onkologie 2009; 32(12): 724-730 doi: 10.1159/000251842 pmid:20016233
52	Krause BJ, Herrmann K, Wieder H, zum Büschenfelde CM. 18F-FDG PET and 18F-FDG PET/CT for assessing response to therapy in esophageal cancer. J Nucl Med 2009; 50 (Suppl 1): 89S-96S doi: 10.2967/jnumed.108.057232 pmid:19380406
53	Kwee RM. Prediction of tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with esophageal cancer with use of 18F FDG PET: a systematic review. Radiology 2010; 254(3): 707-717 doi: 10.1148/radiol.09091324 pmid:20177086
54	Yue J, Chen L, Cabrera AR, Sun X, Zhao S, Zheng F, Han A, Zheng J, Teng X, Ma L, Ma Y, Han D, Zhao X, Mu D, Yu J, Li Y. Measuring tumor cell proliferation with 18F-FLT PET during radiotherapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a pilot clinical study. J Nucl Med 2010; 51(4): 528-534 doi: 10.2967/jnumed.109.072124 pmid:20237030
55	van Heijl M, Phoa SS, van Berge Henegouwen MI, Omloo JM, Mearadji BM, Sloof GW, Bossuyt PM, Hulshof MC, Richel DJ, Bergman JJ, Ten Kate FJ, Stoker J, van Lanschot JJ. Accuracy and reproducibility of 3D-CT measurements for early response assessment of chemoradiotherapy in patients with oesophageal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011; 37(12): 1064-1071 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.09.004 pmid:21944048
56	Alexander BM, Wang XZ, Niemierko A, Weaver DT, Mak RH, Roof KS, Fidias P, Wain J, Choi NC. DNA repair biomarkers predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012; 83(1): 164-171 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.05.033 pmid:22000749
57	Farkas R, Pozsgai E, Bellyei S, Cseke L, Szigeti A, Vereczkei A, Marton S, Mangel L, Horvath OP, Papp A. Correlation between tumor-associated proteins and response to neoadjuvant treatment in patients with advanced squamous-cell esophageal cancer. Anticancer Res 2011; 31(5): 1769-1775 pmid:21617238

[1]	Rui Zhou, Yuanshu Liu, Wenjun Huang, Xitong Dang. Potential functions of esophageal cancer-related gene-4 in the cardiovascular system[J]. Front. Med., 2019, 13(6): 639-645.
[2]	Xi-Yan WANG, Hai-Jun LI, Dong YAN, Hao WEN, Shu-Yong PENG, . Influence of the adjuvant therapy on the survival of patients with stage II pancreatic carcinoma[J]. Front. Med., 2010, 4(4): 430-435.
[3]	Xiao-Mei ZHANG, Ming-Zhou GUO, . The value of epigenetic markers in esophageal cancer[J]. Front. Med., 2010, 4(4): 378-384.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed