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Inkjet printing for electroluminescent devices: emissive materials, film formation, and display prototypes
Luhua LAN, Jianhua ZOU, Congbiao JIANG, Benchang LIU, Lei WANG, Junbiao PENG
Front. Optoelectron.. 2017, 10 (4): 329-352.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0765-x
Inkjet printing (IJP) is a versatile technique for realizing high-accuracy patterns in a cost-effective manner. It is considered to be one of the most promising candidates to replace the expensive thermal evaporation technique, which is hindered by the difficulty of fabricating low-cost, large electroluminescent devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). In this invited review, we first introduce the recent progress of some printable emissive materials, including polymers, small molecules, and inorganic colloidal quantum dot emitters in OLEDs and QLEDs. Subsequently, we focus on the key factors that influence film formation. By exploring stable ink formulation, selecting print parameters, and implementing droplet deposition control, a uniform film can be obtained, which in turn improves the device performance. Finally, a series of impressive inkjet-printed OLEDs and QLEDs prototype display panels are summarized, suggesting a promising future for IJP in the fabrication of large and high-resolution flat panel displays.
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Diluted magnetic characteristics of Ni-doped AlN films via ion implantation
Chong ZHAO, Qixin WAN, Jiangnan DAI, Jun ZHANG, Feng WU, Shuai WANG, Hanling LONG, Jingwen CHEN, Cheng CHEN, Changqing CHEN
Front. Optoelectron.. 2017, 10 (4): 363-369.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0728-2
The structural and magnetic properties, as well as the mechanism of magnetization, of Ni-implanted AlN films were studied. AlN was deposited on Al2O3 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and subsequently Ni ions were implanted into the AlN films by Metal Vapor Arc (MEVVA) sources at an energy of 100 keV for 3 h. The films were annealed at 900°C for 1 h in the furnace in order to transfer the Ni ions from interstitial sites to substitutional sites in AlN, thus activating the Ni3+ ions. Characterizations were performed in situ using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), which showed that the films have a wurtzite structure without the formation of a secondary phase after implanting and annealing. Ni ions were successfully implanted into substitutional sites of AlN films, and the chemical bonding states are Ni-N. The apparent hysteresis loops prove that the films exhibited magnetism at 300 K. The room temperature (RT) saturation magnetization moment (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) values were about 0.36 emu/g and 35.29 Oe, respectively. From the first-principles calculation, a total magnetic moment of 2.99 μB per supercell is expected, and the local magnetic moment of a NiN4 tetrahedron, 2.45 μB, makes the primary contribution. The doped Ni atom hybridizes with four nearby N atoms in a NiN4 tetrahedron; then the electrons of the N atoms are spin-polarized and couple with the electrons of the Ni atom with strong magnetization, which results in magnetism. Therefore, the p-d exchange mechanism between Ni-3d and N-2p can be the origin of the magnetism. It is expected that these room temperature, ferromagnetic, Ni-doped AlN films will have many potential applications as diluted magnetic semiconductors.
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Design and simulation to improve the structural efficiency of green light emission of GaN/InGaN/AlGaN light emitting diode
Sakhawat HUSSAIN, Tasnim ZERIN, Md. Ashik KHAN
Front. Optoelectron.. 2017, 10 (4): 370-377.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0705-9
This study considered the design of an efficient, high brightness polar InGaN/GaN light emitting diode (LED) structure with AlGaN capping layer for green light emission. The deposition of high In (>15%) composition within InGaN quantum well (QW) has limitations when providing intense green light. To design an effective model for a highly efficient InGaN green LEDs, this study considered the compositions of indium and aluminum for InxGa1−xN QW and AlyGa1−yN cap layers, along with different layer thicknesses of well, barrier and cap. These structural properties significantly affect different properties. For example, these properties affect electric fields of layers, polarization, overall elastic stress energy and lattice parameter of the structure, emission wavelength, and intensity of the emitted light. Three models with different composition and layer thicknesses are simulated and analyzed to obtain green light with in-plane equilibrium lattice parameter close to GaN (3.189 Å ) with the highest oscillator strength values. A structure model is obtained with an oscillator strength value of 1.18×10−1 and least in-plane equilibrium lattice constant of 3.218 Å. This emitter can emit at a wavelength of 540 nm, which is the expected design for the fabrication of highly efficient, bright green LEDs.
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Extracting the time delay signature of coupled optical chaotic systems by mutual statistical analysis
Xinhua ZHU, Mengfan CHENG, Lei DENG, Xingxing JIANG, Deming LIU
Front. Optoelectron.. 2017, 10 (4): 378-387.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0706-8
The time delay (TD) signature is a critical parameter in optical chaos-based applications. The feasibility of extracting the TD has been a crucial issue that significantly influences the performance of these applications. In this paper, statistical analyses have been conducted to extract the TD signatures from different types of coupled optical chaos systems. More specifically, a mutually coupled semiconductor laser chaotic system, an intensity-coupled electro-optic chaotic system, and a phase-coupled electro-optic chaotic system are studied in detail. These systems are proposed to resist the attack strategies against the TD signature. They are proved to be effective under statistical analyzes, such as the self-correlation function (SF) and mutual information (MI). However, only a single output has been considered for the attack process in the existing research. We demonstrated that the TD signature can still be extracted by analyzing the mutual statistical relationship between the different output signals which are generated simultaneously by the coupled system. Furthermore, we find that the extraction strategy is effective for a wide parameter range in these schemes.
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Waveform LiDAR signal denoising based on connected domains
Liyu SUN, Zhiwei DONG, Ruihuan ZHANG, Rongwei FAN, Deying CHEN
Front. Optoelectron.. 2017, 10 (4): 388-394.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-017-0747-z
The streak tube imaging light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a new type of waveform sampling laser imaging radar whose echo signals are stripe images with a high frame rate. In this study, the morphological and statistical characteristics of stripe signals are analyzed in detail. Based on the concept of mathematical morphology denoising, connected domains are constructed in a noise-containing stripe image, and the noise is removed using the difference in connected domains area between signals and noises. It is shown that, for stripe signals, the proposed denoising method is significantly more efficient than Wiener filtering.
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9 articles
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