SrTiO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> heterostructure nanowires with enhanced electron--hole separation for efficient photocatalytic activity

doi:10.1007/s11706-019-0477-9

Front. Mater. Sci.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (4) : 342-351 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-019-0477-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

SrTiO₃/TiO₂ heterostructure nanowires with enhanced electron--hole separation for efficient photocatalytic activity

Liuxin YANG¹, Zhou CHEN², Jian ZHANG¹, Chang-An WANG¹(

)

¹. State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada

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Abstract

Heterostructure is an effective strategy to facilitate the charge carrier separation and promote the photocatalytic performance. In this paper, uniform SrTiO₃ nanocubes were in-situ grown on TiO₂ nanowires to construct heterojunctions. The composites were prepared by a facile alkaline hydrothermal method and an in-situ deposition method. The obtained SrTiO₃/TiO₂ exhibits much better photocatalytic activity than those of pure TiO₂ nanowires and commercial TiO₂ (P25) evaluated by photocatalytic water splitting and decomposition of Rhodamine B (RB). The hydrogen generation rate of SrTiO₃/TiO₂ nanowires could reach 111.26 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹ at room temperature, much better than those of pure TiO₂ nanowires (44.18 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹) and P25 (35.77 mmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹). The RB decomposition rate of SrTiO₃/TiO₂ is 7.2 times of P25 and 2.4 times of pure TiO₂ nanowires. The photocatalytic activity increases initially and then decreases with the rising content of SrTiO₃, suggesting an optimum SrTiO₃/TiO₂ ratio that can further enhance the catalytic activity. The improved photocatalytic activity of SrTiO₃/TiO₂ is principally attributed to the enhanced charge separation deriving from the SrTiO₃/TiO₂ heterojunction.

Keywords photocatalytic SrTiO₃/TiO₂ nanowire heterostructure nanocomposite

Corresponding Author(s): Chang-An WANG

Online First Date: 01 November 2019 Issue Date: 04 December 2019

Cite this article:

Liuxin YANG,Zhou CHEN,Jian ZHANG, et al. SrTiO₃/TiO₂ heterostructure nanowires with enhanced electron--hole separation for efficient photocatalytic activity[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(4): 342-351.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-019-0477-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2019/V13/I4/342

Fig.1 SEM images of SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.2) nanowire heterostructure at different stages: (a) newly prepared TiO₂ nanowires; (b) after treatment with 1 mol·L⁻¹ HCl for 24 h; (c) after calcination at 750 °C for 3 h; (d) after in-situ hydrothermal treatment in Sr(OH)₂ alkaline solution. (e)(f) TEM images and EDS mapping of SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.2). (g) HRTEM image of the region of SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.2) heterojunction. (h) SAED pattern from a single SrTiO₃ nanocube.

Fig.2 XRD patterns of pure TiO₂ nanowires (a) and SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.2) (b).

Fig.3 (a) XPS fully scanned spectra of SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.2) and pure TiO₂ nanowires. High-resolution XPS spectra of Ti 2p for (b) pure TiO₂ nanowires and (c) SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.2).

Fig.4 SEM images of (a) SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.05) and (b) SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.4).

Fig.5 (a) Photocatalytic H₂ evolution rates over various catalysts. (b) Photocatalytic RB degradation rates over different catalysts (the solution was kept in the dark for 30 min to set the adsorption?desorption equilibrium before test).

Tab.1 Surface areas of various samples determined by the BET method

Fig.6 (a) UV-vis absorption spectra, (b) PL spectra and (c) EIS Nyquist plots of SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.2), pure TiO₂ nanowires and P25.

Tab.2 Decay parameters and the average lifetime (τ_ave) from time-resolved PL spectroscopy of P25, TiO₂ nanowires and SrTiO₃/TiO₂(0.2)

Fig.7 Schematic illustration of the heterojunction between SrTiO₃ and TiO₂.

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