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Interactions between neural stem cells and biomaterials combined with biomolecules
Ying WANG, Hua DENG, Zhao-Hui ZU, Xing-Can SHEN, Hong LIANG, Fu-Zhai CUI, Qun-Yuan XU, In-Seop LEE
Front Mater Sci Chin. 2010, 4 (4): 325-331.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0113-1
Neural repair and regeneration have been a tough problem in clinical studies. Tissue engineering using biomaterials along with neural stem cells (NSCs) have shown great potential for treatment, especially along with the biomolecules to regulate the NSCs can get more promising results. The biomolecules in the materials have a favorable impact on cell adhes ion, expansion, and differentiation. Thus, the interactions between biomaterials loading biomolecules and NSCs also receive particular attention. In this review, recent progresses of modified biomaterials by such biomolecules for neural injury and their impact on NSCs behavior will be discussed.
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Efficient and economical manufacture of heavy steel castings
Hai-Liang YU, Jin-Wu KANG, Tian-You HUANG
Front Mater Sci Chin. 2010, 4 (4): 332-338.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0095-z
Heavy steel castings, a symbol of the level of heavy industries, are high-tech products assembling materials, metallurgy, casting, etc. The feasible schemes for economizing manufacturing heavy steel castings were analyzed. The effects of riser design, sand mold, oxidation and deformation of casting during heat treatment, machining allowance, etc., on the economizing manufacture heavy steel castings were reviewed. Realization of efficient and economical manufacture of heavy steel castings will improve the output ratio of metal, shorten manufacturing period, save energy and resource, reduce pollution, and improve the competitiveness of enterprises.
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Polymer-directed assembly of water-soluble realgar nanocomposites for antimicrobial applications
Sheng-Ju OU, Xing-Can SHEN, Tao JIN, Jun XIE, Yan-Fang GUO, Hong LIANG, Ruo-Bing HOU
Front Mater Sci Chin. 2010, 4 (4): 339-344.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0111-3
The poor water-solubility of realgar unfortunately results in poor bioavailability and hampers its medicinal application. In this work, water-soluble realgar nanoparticles (As4S4 NPs) were synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, a polymer directed assembly method was used to prepare for the As4S4 nanocomposites with beneficial bioavailability for antimicrobial applications. It is found that the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has a significant effect on formation and growth of quasi-spherical As4S4-PVP nanocomposite with a narrow size distribution of (65±5) nm. In the case of using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), the dendritic As4S4-CMC nanocomposite was obtained with particle size of (120±25) nm in predominant length. The FTIR spectra studies demonstrated the interaction between the polymers and the assembled As4S4. The antimicrobial assays indicated that the stabilized As4S4-polymer nanocomposites showed superior antimicrobial activity against uncoated As4S4 NPs both on gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The TEM images of bacterial ultrathin sections showed the damage and disorganization of cell wall, suggesting the membrane-associated antimicrobial activity of As4S4-PVP nanocomposite.
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Drug release behaviors of a pH/temperature sensitive core-shelled bead with alginate and poly(N-acryloyl glycinates)
Kui-Lin DENG, Yu-Bo GOU, Li-Rong DONG, Qian LI, Li-Bin BAI, Ting GAO, Chun-Yuan HUANG, Shu-Liang WANG
Front Mater Sci Chin. 2010, 4 (4): 353-358.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0105-1
In this study, a pH/temperature sensitive bead with core-shelled structure, as a drug carrier, was prepared by grafting of N-acryloylglycinates on the surface of sodium alginate beads. The pH and temperature sensitivity of the beads originate from sodium alginate (SA) and co-poly(N-acryloylglycinates), respectively. Here, indomethacin (IMC) was selected as a drug model molecule and loaded in SA beads. The release of IMC was systematically investigated as a function of temperature, pH, and SA concentration. The amount of IMC released from beads was as high as 61.6% in pH= 7.4 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) over 620 min, whereas only 27.9% IMC diffused into the pH= 2.1 PBS. In addition, the release rates of IMC at 37.5°C were faster than that at 20.0°C and decreased with increasing SA concentration in the beads. The result indicates that the sensitive beads have the potential to be used as an effective pH/temperature-controlled delivery system in the biomedical fields.
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Antibacterial and biological properties of silver-loaded coralline hydroxyapatite
Yu ZHANG, Qing-Shui YIN, Hua-Fu ZHAO, Jian LI, Yue-Teng WEI, Fu-Zhai CUI, Hua-Yang HUANG
Front Mater Sci Chin. 2010, 4 (4): 359-365.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0112-2
The antibacterial and biological properties of silver-loated coralline hydroxyapatite (Ag-CHA) as a new antibacterial implant material were investigated in this study. Compared to other antibiotic and chemical bactericidal agents, Ag+ does not bring bacterial resistance to drugs and has less toxicity. The porous CHA was formed by hydrothermal exchange, then Ag+ was loated onto CHA through ion exchange and adsorption. The microstructure and composition of Ag-CHA were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Antibacterial activity of Ag-CHA on the clinical strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was evaluated by the flat plate diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of Ag-CHA was found to be correlated with the concentration of Ag+ in a dose-dependent manner, which indicated that the optimal antibacterial and biocompatible effects of Ag-CHA could be obtained with Ag+ concentrations from 5×10-5 to 1×10-4 mol/L.
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Synthesis and characterization of radiopaque iodine-containing methacrylate-based polymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization
Xiang WANG, Xue GENG, Lin YE, Ai-Ying ZHANG, Zeng-Guo FENG
Front Mater Sci Chin. 2010, 4 (4): 366-375.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0103-3
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2-(2′-iodobenzoyl)ethyl methacrylate (2-IEMA) was performed in benzene solution using 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate (CPADB) as chain transfer agent to yield well-defined iodine-containing methacrylate-based polymers. It is characteristic of a controlled/living polymerization, i.e., linear increase in Mn with conversion and narrow molecular distribution. Moreover, the block copolymerization of 2-IEMA with 2-(2′,3′,4′,6′-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D- glucosyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (AcGEMA) and 2-lactobionamidoethyl methacylate (LAMA) was also carried out to give radiopaque glycopolymers by using the same methodology, respectively. The radiopacity of these polymers was evidenced by a routine medical X-ray imaging technique. TEM and DLS analytical results showed that the selected PIEMA-b-PLAMA diblock copolymers can self-assemble in aqueous solution into nearly spherical aggregates of 60–86 nm in diameter.
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The pathway of HAP nanoparticle uptake into hepatoma carcinoma cells
Mei-Zhen YIN, Xian-Ying CAO, Shi-Pu LI
Front Mater Sci Chin. 2010, 4 (4): 376-381.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0107-z
To study the pathway of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticle uptake into hepatoma carcinoma cells, by selecting bigger particles as contrast, HAP particles with 70.8, 1078.8, and 1906.6 nm mean diameters were prepared. Using TEM, the distribution conditions of the three kinds of HAP particles on the cell membrane surface and within the endochylema, as well as the change in lysosomes was observed after HAP particles were treated onto Bel-7402 cells for 2, 12, 24, and 48 h. The results showed that there were HAP nanoparticles adhering to the depressed part of the plasmalemma, and in the endochylema there were HAP nanoparticles which were enclosed in many vesicles with different sizes. The lysosome had no changes compared to the blank control. The same results were seen for bigger particle groups. Through contrast analysis, it was thought that HAP nanoparticles were internalized into the hepatoma carcinoma cells and then formed vesicles. HAP nanoparticles enclosed in vesicles did not undergo lysosomal digestion. These characteristics are in accord with non-clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Therefore, the pathway of HAP nanoparticle uptake into hepatoma carcinoma cells is possibly caveolae-mediated endocytosis and it has no relation to particle size. This result lays the foundation for further research into the anticancer mechanism of HAP nanoparticles, and plays an important role in the research on nanoparticles as carriers of anticancer drugs.
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Behaviors of different dispersers on morphologies of porous TiO2 films
Ding REN, Yu ZOU, Chang-Yong ZHAN, Ning-Kang HUANG
Front Mater Sci Chin. 2010, 4 (4): 394-397.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-010-0110-4
TiO2 films with nanoparticles dispersed by using three different additives such as acetylacetone, Emulsifier OP-10, and polyethylene glycol, respectively. It is found that for the TiO2 films produced with appropriate amount of Emulsifier OP-10, there are no reaggregation of TiO2 nanoparticles with pores of about 5–20 nm. By adding polyethylene glycol, the pore size of the TiO2 films could be in the range from about 50 to 200 nm. However, by using acetylacetone, aggregations of TiO2 nanoparticles always exist in the TiO2 films. The related mechanism on the aggregation of nanoparticles in the TiO2 slurries is discussed.
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