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Surface engineering of synthetic nanopores by atomic layer deposition and their applications
Ce-Ming WANG, De-Lin KONG, Qiang CHEN, Jian-Ming XUE
Front Mater Sci. 2013, 7 (4): 335-349.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-013-0218-4
In the past decade, nanopores have been developed extensively for various potential applications, and their performance greatly depends on the surface properties of the nanopores. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a new technology for depositing thin films, which has been rapidly developed from a niche technology to an established method. ALD films can cover the surface in confined regions even in nanoscale conformally, thus it is proved to be a powerful tool to modify the surface of the synthetic nanopores and also to fabricate complex nanopores. This review gives a brief introduction on nanopore synthesis and ALD fundamental knowledge, and then focuses on the various aspects of synthetic nanopores processing by ALD and their applications, including single-molecule sensing, nanofluidic devices, nanostructure fabrication and other applications.
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Electrospinning of curcumin loaded chitosan/poly (lactic acid) nanofilm and evaluation of its medicinal characteristics
Bhaarathi DHURAI, Nachimuthu SARASWATHY, Ramasamy MAHESWARAN, Ponnusamy SETHUPATHI, Palanisamy VANITHA, Sukumar VIGNESHWARAN, Venugopal RAMESHBABU
Front Mater Sci. 2013, 7 (4): 350-361.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-013-0222-8
The curcumin loaded chitosan/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers were produced using electrospinning. Box-Behnken experimental design was used for the optimization of variables (–1, 0, +1 coded level) like chitosan/PLA strength (% w/v), curcumin strength (% w/v) and applied voltage (kV) to obtain uniform fiber diameter. The morphology of nanofibers was shown by SEM. Molecular interactions and the presence of each chemical compound of curcumin loaded chitosan/PLA fibers were characterized by FTIR and EDX analysis. Antioxidant, drug release and in vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed to evaluate the suitability of nanofibers that would be used for wound healing. In vivo wound healing studies on excision and incision wounds created on rat model showed significant reduction of wound area when compared to untreated. The better healing efficiency can be attributed to the presence of curcumin and chitosan.
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The effect of calcination temperature on the capacitive properties of WO3-based electrochemical capacitors synthesized via a sol--gel method
Diah SUSANTI, Rizky Narendra Dwi WIBAWA, Lucky TANANTA, Hariyati PURWANINGSIH, Rindang FAJARIN, George Endri KUSUMA
Front Mater Sci. 2013, 7 (4): 370-378.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-013-0220-x
Electrochemical capacitor (EC) is a promising energy storage device which can be hybridized with other energy conversion or energy storage devices. One type of ECs is pseudocapacitor made of metal oxides. WO3 is an inexpensive semiconductor metal oxide which has many applications. However the application of WO3 as an EC material was rarely reported. Therefore in this research EC was prepared from WO3 nanomaterial synthesized by a sol--gel process. The WO3 gel was spin-coated on graphite substrates and calcined at various temperatures of 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C for 1 h. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were used to observe the capacitive property of the WO3 samples. SEM, XRD, FTIR and Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) analyses were used to characterize the material structures. WO3 calcined at 400°C was proved to have the highest capacitance of 233.63 F●?g--1 (1869 mF●?cm--2) at a scan rate of 2 mV●?s--1 in 1 mol/L H2SO4 between potentials--0.4 and 0.4 V vs. SCE. Moreover it also showed the most symmetric CV curves as the indication of a good EC. Hence WO3 calcined at 400°C is a potential candidate for EC material of pseudocapacitor type.
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Mechanical behavior of organo-modified Indian bentonite nanoclay fiber-reinforced plastic nanocomposites
N. RAGHAVENDRA, H. N. NARASIMHA MURTHY, M. KRISHNA, K. R. VISHNU MAHESH, R. SRIDHAR, S. FIRDOSH, G. ANGADI, S. C. SHARMA
Front Mater Sci. 2013, 7 (4): 396-404.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-013-0224-6
The aim of the research was to examine the influence of organo-modified Indian bentonite (IB) nanoclay dispersed in vinylester on the mechanical properties of nanoclay/vinylester/glass nanocomposites. Nanoclay was organically modified using cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA--Br) by cation exchange method and dispersed in vinylester using ultrasonication and twin screw extrusion. XRD of nanoclay/vinylester revealed exfoliation at 4 wt.% nanoclay indicating uniform dispersion in the polymer. DSC results showed improvement in glass transition temperature by 22.3% in 4 wt.% nanoclay/vinylester/glass when compared with that of vinylester/glass. Nanoclay/vinylester/glass with 4 wt.% nanoclay showed 29.23%, 23.84% and 60.87% improvement in ultimate tensile strength (UTS), flexural strength (FS) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) respectively when compared with those of vinylester/glass. The mode of tensile failure examined by SEM showed no agglomeration of nanoclay in 4 wt.% nanoclay/vinylester/glass specimens.
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Energy investigations on the mechanical properties of magnesium alloyed by X= C, B, N, O and vacancy
Xiao-Zhi WU, Li-Li LIU, Rui WANG, Li-Yong GAN, Qing LIU
Front Mater Sci. 2013, 7 (4): 405-412.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-013-0221-9
The generalized stacking fault (GSF) energies and surface energies of magnesium and its alloys with alloying atoms X= C, B, N, O and vacancy have been investigated using the first-principles methods. It is found that the predominant reducing effects of the alloying atoms and vacancy on the stacking fault energy are resulted from the position of them in the 1st layer near the slip plane. The stacking fault energies are nearly the same as the pure magnesium while the alloying atoms and vacancy are placed in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th layers. It has been shown that O strongly reduces the GSF energy of Mg. The alloying atoms C, B and N increase the surface energy, but O and vacancy reduce the surface energy of Mg. The ductilities of Mg and Mg alloys have been discussed based on the Rice criterion by using the ratio between surface energy and unstable stacking fault energy.
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