|
All-conjugated amphiphilic diblock copolymers for improving morphology and thermal stability of polymer/nanocrystals hybrid solar cells
Zhenrong JIA, Xuefeng XIA, Xiaofeng WANG, Tengyi WANG, Guiying XU, Bei LIU, Jitong ZHOU, Fan LI
Front. Mater. Sci.. 2018, 12 (3): 225-238.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-018-0428-x
Herein, the ability to optimize the morphology and photovoltaic performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/ZnO hybrid bulk-heterojunction solar cells via introducing all-conjugated amphiphilic P3HT-based block copolymer (BCP), poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(3-triethylene glycol-thiophene) (P3HT-b-P3TEGT), as polymeric additives is demonstrated. The results show that the addition of P3HT-b-P3TEGT additives can effectively improve the compatibility between P3HT and ZnO nanocrystals, increase the crystalline and ordered packing of P3HT chains, and form optimized hybrid nanomorphology with stable and intimate hybrid interface. The improvement is ascribed to the P3HT-b-P3TEGT at the P3HT/ZnO interface that has strong coordination interactions between the TEG side chains and the polar surface of ZnO nanoparticles. All of these are favor of the efficient exciton dissociation, charge separation and transport, thereby, contributing to the improvement of the efficiency and thermal stability of solar cells. These observations indicate that introducing all-conjugated amphiphilic BCP additives can be a promising and effective protocol for high-performance hybrid solar cells.
Figures and Tables |
References |
Related Articles |
Metrics
|
|
Nitrogen--oxygen co-doped corrugation-like porous carbon for high performance supercapacitor
Wang YANG, Wu YANG, Lina KONG, Shuanlong DI, Xiujuan QIN
Front. Mater. Sci.. 2018, 12 (3): 283-291.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-018-0431-2
Nitrogen–oxygen co-doped corrugation-like porous carbon (NO-PC) has been developed by direct pyrolysis of formaldehyde–melamine polymer containing manganese nitrate. The melamine, formaldehyde and manganese nitrate act as nitrogen, oxygen source and pore-foaming agent, respectively. NO-PC exhibits favorable porous architecture for efficient ion transfer and moderate heteroatom doping for additional pseudocapacitance, which synergistically enhances the electrochemical performance of the NO-PC-based supercapacitor. The electrode delivers specific capacitance of 240 F/g at 0.3 A/g when tested in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte, good rate capability (capacitance retention of 83.3% at 5 A/g) as well as stable cycling performance (capacitance remains ~96% after 10000 cycles at 3 A/g). The facile synthesis with unique architecture and chemistry modification offers a promising candidate for electrode material of energy storage devices.
Figures and Tables |
References |
Related Articles |
Metrics
|
|
Mesocrystalline TiO2/sepiolite composites for the effective degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue
Ruirui LIU, Zhijiang JI, Jing WANG, Jinjun ZHANG
Front. Mater. Sci.. 2018, 12 (3): 292-303.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-018-0429-9
Mesocrystalline TiO2/sepiolite (TiS) composites with the function of adsorption and degradation of liquid organic pollutants were successfully fabricated via a facile and low-cost solvothermal reaction. The prepared TiS composites were characterized by FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS, N2 adsorption–desorption, UV-vis DRS, and EPR. Results revealed the homogeneous dispersion of highly reactive TiO2 mesocrystals on the sepiolite nanofibers. Thereinto each single-crystal-like TiO2 mesocrystal comprised many [001]-oriented anatase nanoparticles about 10–20 nm in diameter. The photocatalytic activity was further evaluated by the degradation of anionic dye (methyl orange) and cationic dye (methylene blue) under the UV-vis light (350≤λ≤780 nm) irradiation. By selecting appropriate experimental conditions, we can easily manipulate the photocatalytic performance of TiS composites. The optimal TiS catalyst (the sepiolite content of 28.5 wt.%, and the reaction time of 24 h) could efficiently degrade methyl orange to 90.7% after 70 min, or methylene blue to 97.8% after 50 min, under UV-vis light irradiation. These results can be attributed to their synergistic effect of high crystallinity, large specific surface area, abundant hydroxyl radicals, and effective photogenerated charge separation.
Figures and Tables |
References |
Related Articles |
Metrics
|
|
Influence and its mechanism of temperature variation in a muffle furnace during calcination on the adsorption performance of rod-like MgO to Congo red
Yajun ZHENG, Liyun CAO, Gaoxuan XING, Zongquan BAI, Hongyan SHEN, Jianfeng HUANG, Zhiping ZHANG
Front. Mater. Sci.. 2018, 12 (3): 304-321.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-018-0427-y
Calcination temperature plays a crucial role in determining the surface properties of generated MgO, but the influence of temperature variation in a muffle furnace during calcination on its performance is rarely reported. Herein we observed that the temperature in a muffle furnace during calcination demonstrated a gradually increasing trend as the location changed from the furnace doorway to the most inner position. The variation in temperature had a great impact on the adsorption performance of generated rod-like MgO without and/or with involvement of Na2SiO3 to Congo red in aqueous solution. To get a better understanding on the detailed reasons, various techniques including actual temperature measurement via multimeter, N2 physical adsorption, CO2 chemical adsorption and FT-IR spectrometry have been employed to probe the correlation between the adsorption performance of generated MgO from various locations and the inner actual temperature of used muffle furnace as well as their physicochemical properties. In addition, two mechanisms were proposed to elucidate the adsorption process of Congo red over the surface of generated MgO without and/or with presence of Na2SiO3, respectively.
Figures and Tables |
References |
Related Articles |
Metrics
|
|
The currently predominant Taylor principles should be disregarded in the study of plastic deformation of metals
Weimin MAO
Front. Mater. Sci.. 2018, 12 (3): 322-326.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-018-0434-z
The original Taylor principles offer identical intergranular strain equilibrium without stress equilibrium in metals during deformation. In reality, however, the stress and strain equilibria are maintained individually for different grains. As key points, the principles have become a prerequisite predominantly in the current theories, which unreasonably indicate that strains instead of stresses induce grain deformation despite reaching the stress equilibrium by complicated combinations of the activation of slip systems or other crystallographic mechanism via different approaches. Real intergranular equilibria can be traced if mechanical interactions together with the external loading are considered step by step. In this work, several penetrating and non-penetrating slips were used to obtain the necessary elastic and plastic strain tensors of different grains in a natural manner. Without the Taylor principles, the stress and strain equilibria can be reached naturally, simply, easily, reasonably, and individually without complicated calculations. Results of the experimental observation conformed with the predicted deformation texture when certain important engineering stress conditions are included in the simulation. Therefore, the Taylor principles for plastic deformation of polycrystalline metals should now be disregarded.
Figures and Tables |
References |
Related Articles |
Metrics
|
11 articles
|