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Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution of multiple degrees of freedom of a single photon
Yu-Fei Yan, Lan Zhou, Wei Zhong, Yu-Bo Sheng
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 11501-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-1005-1
Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) provides us a powerful approach to resist all attacks at detection side. Besides the unconditional security, people also seek for high key generation rate, but MDI-QKD has relatively low key generation rate. In this paper, we provide an efficient approach to increase the key generation rate of MDI-QKD by adopting multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs) of single photons to generate keys. Compared with other high-dimension MDI-QKD protocols encoding in one DOF, our protocol is more flexible, for our protocol generating keys in independent subsystems and the detection failure or error in a DOF not affecting the information encoding in other DOFs. Based on above features, our MDI-QKD protocol may have potential application in future quantum communication field.
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Giant enhancement of photoluminescence emission in monolayer WS2 by femtosecond laser irradiation
Cheng-Bing Qin, Xi-Long Liang, Shuang-Ping Han, Guo-Feng Zhang, Rui-Yun Chen, Jian-Yong Hu, Lian-Tuan Xiao, Suo-Tang Jia
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 12501-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-0995-z
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices. However, the low photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) hinders their various potential applications. Here we engineer and enhance the PL intensity of monolayer WS2 by femtosecond laser irradiation. More than two orders of magnitude enhancement of PL intensity as compared to the as-prepared sample is determined. Furthermore, the engineering time is shortened by three orders of magnitude as compared to the improvement of PL intensity by continuous-wave laser irradiation. Based on the evolution of PL spectra, we attribute the giant PL enhancement to the conversion from trion emission to exciton, as well as the improvement of the QY when exciton and trion are localized to the new-formed defects. We have created microstructures on the monolayer WS2 based on the enhancement of PL intensity, where the engineered structures can be stably stored for more than three years. This flexible approach with the feature of excellent long-term storage stability is promising for applications in information storage, display technology, and optoelectronic devices.
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Investigation on the Cs 6S 1/2 to 7D electric quadrupole transition via monochromatic two-photon process at 767 nm
San-Dan Wang, Jin-Peng Yuan, Li-Rong Wang, Lian-Tuan Xiao, Suo-Tang Jia
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 12502-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-0988-y
We experimentally demonstrate the cesium electric quadrupole transition from the 6S 1/2 ground state to the 7D 3/2,5/2 excited state through a virtual level by using a single laser at 767 nm. The excited state energy level population is characterized by varying the laser power, the temperature of the vapor, and the polarization combinations of the laser beams. The optimized experimental parameters are obtained for a high resolution transition interval identification. The magnetic dipole coupling constant A and electric quadrupole coupling constant B for the 7D 3/2,5/2 states are precisely determined by using the hyperfine levels intervals. The results, A = 7.39 (0.06) MHz, B = −0.19 (0.18) MHz for the 7D 3/2 state, and A = −1.79 (0.05) MHz, B =1.05 (0.29) MHz for the 7D 5/2 state, are in good agreement with the previous reported results. This work is beneficial for the determination of atomic structure information and parity non-conservation, which paves the way for the field of precision measurements and atomic physics.
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Two-dimensional Janus van der Waals heterojunctions: A review of recent research progresses
Lin Ju, Mei Bie, Xiwei Zhang, Xiangming Chen, Liangzhi Kou
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 13201-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-1002-4
Two-dimensional Janus van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions, referring to the junction containing at least one Janus material, are found to exhibit tuneable electronic structures, wide light adsorption spectra, controllable contact resistance, and sufficient redox potential due to the intrinsic polarization and unique interlayer coupling. These novel structures and properties are promising for the potential applications in electronics and energy conversion devices. To provide a comprehensive picture about the research progress and guide the following investigations, here we summarize their fundamental properties of different types of two-dimensional Janus vdW heterostructures including electronic structure, interface contact and optical properties, and discuss the potential applications in electronics and energy conversion devices. The further challenges and possible research directions of the novel heterojunctions are discussed at the end of this review.
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Van der Waals layered ferroelectric CuInP2 S6 : Physical properties and device applications
Shuang Zhou, Lu You, Hailin Zhou, Yong Pu, Zhigang Gui, Junling Wang
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 13301-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-0986-0
Copper indium thiophosphate, CuInP2 S6 , has attracted much attention in recent years due to its van der Waals layered structure and robust ferroelectricity at room temperature. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the various properties of CuInP2 S6 , covering structural, ferroelectric, dielectric, piezoelectric and transport properties, as well as its potential applications. We also highlight the remaining questions and possible research directions related to this fascinating material and other compounds of the same family.
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Tactile and temperature sensors based on organic transistors: Towards e-skin fabrication
Miao Zhu, Muhammad Umair Ali, Changwei Zou, Wei Xie, Songquan Li, Hong Meng
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 13302-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-0985-1
Tactile and temperature sensors are the key components for e-skin fabrication. Organic transistors, a kind of intrinsic logic devices with diverse internal configurations, offer a wide range of options for sensor design and have played a vital role in the fabrication of e-skin-oriented tactile and temperature sensors. This research field has attained tremendous advancements, both in terms of materials design and device architecture, thereby leading to excellent performance of resulting tactile/temperature sensors. Herein, a systematic review of organic transistor-based tactile and temperature sensors is presented to summarize the latest progress in these devices. Particularly, we focus on spotlighting various device structures, underlying mechanisms and their performance. Lastly, an outlook for the future development of these devices is briefly discussed. We anticipate that this review will provide a quick overview of such a rapidly emerging research direction and attract more dedicated efforts for the development of next-generation sensing devices towards e-skin fabrication.
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Nonideal double-slope effect in organic field-effect transistors
Ming-Chao Xiao, Jie Liu, Yuan-Yuan Hu, Shuai Wang, Lang Jiang
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 13305-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-0997-x
With the development of device engineering and molecular design, organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with high mobility over 10 cm2 ·V−1 ·s−1 have been reported. However, the nonideal doubleslope effect has been frequently observed in some of these OFETs, which makes it difficult to extract the intrinsic mobility OFETs accurately, impeding the further application of them. In this review, the origin of the nonideal double-slope effect has been discussed thoroughly, with affecting factors such as contact resistance, charge trapping, disorder effects and coulombic interactions considered. According to these discussions and the understanding of the mechanism behind double-slope effect, several strategies have been proposed to realize ideal OFETs, such as doping, molecular engineering, charge trapping reduction, and contact engineering. After that, some novel devices based on the nonideal double-slope behaviors have been also introduced.
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Mechanical properties of lateral transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
Sadegh Imani Yengejeh, William Wen, Yun Wang
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 13502-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-1001-5
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers attract great attention due to their specific structural, electronic and mechanical properties. The formation of their lateral heterostructures allows a new degree of flexibility in engineering electronic and optoelectronic dervices. However, the mechanical properties of the lateral heterostructures are rarely investigated. In this study, a comparative investigation on the mechanical characteristics of 1H, 1T′ and 1H/1T′ heterostructure phases of different TMD monolayers including molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2 ), Tungsten disulfide (WS2 ), and Tungsten diselenide (WSe2 ) was conducted by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our results indicate that the impact of the lateral heterostructures has a relatively weak mechanical strength for all the TMD monolayers. The significant correlation between the mechanical properties of the TMD monolayers and their structural phases can be used to tune their stiffness of the materials. Our findings, therefore, suggest a novel strategy to manipulate the mechanical characteristics of TMDs by engineering their structural phases for their practical applications.
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Self-organized criticality in multi-pulse gamma-ray bursts
Fen Lyu, Ya-Ping Li, Shu-Jin Hou, Jun-Jie Wei, Jin-Jun Geng, Xue-Feng Wu
Frontiers of Physics. 2021, 16 (1 ): 14501-.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-020-0989-x
The variability in multi-pulse gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may help to reveal the mechanism of underlying processes from the central engine. To investigate whether the self-organized criticality (SOC) phenomena exist in the prompt phase of GRBs, we statistically study the properties of GRBs with more than 3 pulses in each burst by fitting the distributions of several observed physical variables with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, including the isotropic energy E iso , the duration time T , and the peak count rate P of each pulse. Our sample consists of 454 pulses in 93 GRBs observed by the CGRO/BATSE satellite. The best-fitting values and uncertainties for these power-law indices of the differential frequency distributions are: α E d = 1.54 ± 0.09 , α T d = 1.82 − 0.15 + 0.14 and α P d = 2.09 − 0.19 + 0.18 , while the power-law indices in the cumulative frequency distributions are: α E c = 1.44 − 0.10 + 0.08 , α T c = 1.75 − 0.13 + 0.11 and α P c = 1.99 − 0.19 + 0.16 . We find that these distributions are roughly consistent with the physical framework of a Fractal-Diffusive, Self-Organized Criticality (FD-SOC) system with the spatial dimension S = 3 and the classical diffusion β =1. Our results support that the jet responsible for the GRBs should be magnetically dominated and magnetic instabilities (e.g. , kink model, or tearing-model instability) lead the GRB emission region into the SOC state.
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