N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of neuronal injuries following a stroke insult; therefore, a plethora of preclinical studies focus on better understanding functions of NMDARs and their associated signaling pathways. Over the past decades, NMDARs have been found to exert dual effects in neuronal deaths signaling and neuronal survival signaling during cerebral ischemia. Moreover, many complex intracellular signaling pathways downstream of NMDAR activation have been elucidated, which provide novel targets for developing much-needed neuro-protectants for patients with stroke. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms of stroke related to NMDAR activation and the potential therapeutic strategies based on these discoveries.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a demyelinating disease mainly involving the optic nerve and spinal cord. It has recurrent and aggravating attacks and high disability rate. Most patients have a stepwise progression, resulting in complete blindness or paraplegia. NMOSD lesions contain not only the optic nerve and spinal cord, but also other neurological and non-neurological symptoms, which has clinical heterogeneity. The discovery of aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) attributed it to autoimmune ion-channel disease, and rituximab (RTX) has achieved good clinical efficacy in the treatment of NMOSD. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies have been found in some AQP4-IgG-negative NMOSD patients, which have different clinical and immunological features, posing new challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD, which may require re-design and testing of new immune-targeted drugs.

Objective: lobectomy is an effective therapy for patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS). Perioperative complications often play a critical role for SWS patients’ rehabilitation. This study aimed to explore and the factors of perioperative complications in SWS patients. Methods: we reviewed retrospectively the clinical profile of totally 60 SWS patients who received surgically treatments in Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, from March 2009 to April 2018. Univariate analyses were used to identify the potential predictors of perioperative complications.Results: the average hospitalization time of 60 patients was (35.57±10.79)d. After surgery, 54 (90.00%) patients reached Engle I level. The most common postoperative complications were fever (83.33%), motor function damage (38.33%) and hyponatremia (55.00%). Univariate analyses revealed that mental retardation, seizure types and surgery types could be the predictive factors for postoperative complications. Conclusion: postoperative complications are common in SWS patients. Prediction of the severity can help doctors know what kind of special care SWS patients need to help them for further rehabilitation.

Intracranial metastasis of liver cancer is rare, and diplopia as the first manifestation is even more rare. This article aims to introduce a patient with sudden diplopia in a middle-aged man. Physical examination revealed left abductor nerve palsy, craniocerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed intracranial metastatic tumor, and positron emission tomography-computer tomography (PET-CT) tracing of the original lesion detected the primary liver cancer. This paper provides clinical data for intracranial metastasis of primary liver cancer and the possible pathogenesis and mechanism of sudden diplopia.