欧拉致德国公主的书信：关于自然哲学的不同学科（第II 卷）（英文版）

ISBN：978-7-04-051070-6

出版时间：2019-01-08

语种：英文

开本：16

页数：296

欧拉致德国公主的书信：关于自然哲学的不同学科（第II 卷）（英文版）

作者：Leonhard Euler

定价: 99.00元

内容简介

关键词数学类
目录

内封
PDF （67 KB）（）

版权
PDF （228 KB）（）

目录
PDF （60 KB）（）

前辅文
PDF （554 KB）（）

LETTER I. Continuation of the Subject, and of Mistakes in the Knowledge of Truth.
摘要 PDF （66 KB）（） P. 1-2

LETTER II. First Class of Known Truths. Conviction That Things Exist Externally, Corresponding to the Ideas Represented by the Senses, Objection of the Pyrrhonists Reply.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 3-4

LETTER III. Another Objection of the Pyrrhonists against the Certainty of Truths Perceived by the Senses. Reply; and Precautions for Attaining Assurance of Sensible Truths.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 5-6

LETTER IV. Of Demonstrative, Physical, and Particularly of Moral Certainty.
摘要 PDF （59 KB）（） P. 7-8

LETTER V. Remarks that the Senses Contribute to the Increase of Knowledge; and Precautions for Acquiring the Certainty of Historical Truths.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 9-10

LETTER VI. Whether the Essence of Bodies be Known by Us.
摘要 PDF （64 KB）（） P. 11-12

LETTER VII. The True Notion of Extension.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 13-13

LETTER VIII. Divisibility of Extension in Infinitum.
摘要 PDF （99 KB）（） P. 14-16

LETTER IX. Whether This Divisibility in Infinitum Takes Place in Existing Bodies.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 17-17

LETTER X. Of Monads.
摘要 PDF （64 KB）（） P. 18-19

LETTER XI. Reflections on Divisibility in Infinitum, and on Monads.
摘要 PDF （74 KB）（） P. 20-21

LETTER XII. Reply to the Objections of the Monadists to Divisibility in Infinitum.
摘要 PDF （63 KB）（） P. 22-23

LETTER XIII. Principle of the Sufficient Reason, the Strongest Support of the Monadists.
摘要 PDF （63 KB）（） P. 24-25

LETTER XIV. Another Argument of the Monadists, Derived from the Principle of the Sufficient Reason. Absurdities Resulting from It.
摘要 PDF （63 KB）（） P. 26-27

LETTER XV. Reflections on the System of Monads.
摘要 PDF （63 KB）（） P. 28-29

LETTER XVI. Continuation.
摘要 PDF （63 KB）（） P. 30-31

LETTER XVII. Conclusion of Reflections on This System.
摘要 PDF （76 KB）（） P. 32-33

LETTER XVIII. Elucidation Respecting the Nature of Colours.
摘要 PDF （76 KB）（） P. 34-35

LETTER XIX. Reflections on the Analogy between Colours and Sounds.
摘要 PDF （74 KB）（） P. 36-37

LETTER XX. Continuation.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 38-39

LETTER XXI. How Opaque Bodies are Rendered Visible.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 40-41

LETTER XXII. The Wonders of the Human Voice.
摘要 PDF （80 KB）（） P. 41-42

LETTER XXIII. A Summary of the Principal Phenomena of Electricity.
摘要 PDF （80 KB）（） P. 43-44

LETTER XXIV. The True Principle of Nature on Which Are Founded All the Phenomena of Electricity.
摘要 PDF （74 KB）（） P. 45-46

LETTER XXV. Continuation. Different Nature of Bodies Relatively to Electricity.
摘要 PDF （63 KB）（） P. 47-48

LETTER XXVI. On the Same Subject.
摘要 PDF （74 KB）（） P. 49-50

LETTER XXVII. Of Positive and Negative Electricity. Explanation of the Phenomenon of Attraction.
摘要 PDF （90 KB）（） P. 51-52

LETTER XXVIII. On the Same Subject.
摘要 PDF （81 KB）（） P. 53-54

LETTER XXIX. On the Electric Atmosphere.
摘要 PDF （89 KB）（） P. 55-57

LETTER XXX. Communication of Electricity to a Bar of Iron, by Means of a Globe of Glass.
摘要 PDF （230 KB）（） P. 58-59

LETTER XXXI. Electrization of Men and Animals.
摘要 PDF （75 KB）（） P. 60-61

LETTER XXXII. Distinctive Character of the Two Species of Electricity.
摘要 PDF （119 KB）（） P. 62-63

LETTER XXXIII. How the Same Globe of Glass May Furnish at Once the Two Species of Electricity.
摘要 PDF （180 KB）（） P. 64-65

LETTER XXXIV. The Leyden Experiment.
摘要 PDF （242 KB）（） P. 66-67

LETTER XXXV. Reflections on the Cause and Nature of Electricity, and on Other Means Proper to Produce It.
摘要 PDF （82 KB）（） P. 68-70

LETTER XXXVI. Nature of Thunder: Explanations of the Ancient Philosophers, and of Descartes: Resemblance of the Phenomena of Thunder to Those of Electricity.
摘要 PDF （71 KB）（） P. 71-72

LETTER XXXVII. Explanation of the Phenomena of Lightning and Thunder.
摘要 PDF （59 KB）（） P. 73-74

LETTER XXXVIII. Continuation.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 75-76

LETTER XXXIX. The Possibility of Preventing, and of Averting, the Effects of Thunder.
摘要 PDF （81 KB）（） P. 76-78

LETTER XL. On the Celebrated Problem of the Longitude: General Description of the Earth, of Its Axis, Its Two Poles, and the Equator.
摘要 PDF （94 KB）（） P. 79-80

LETTER XLI. Of the Magnitude of the Earth; of Meridians, and the Shortest Road from Place to Place.
摘要 PDF （93 KB）（） P. 81-83

LETTER XLII. Of Latitude, and Its Influence on the Seasons, and the Length of the Day.
摘要 PDF （92 KB）（） P. 84-85

LETTER XLIII. Of Parallels, of the First Meridian, and of Longitude.
摘要 PDF （98 KB）（） P. 86-87

LETTER XLIV. Choice of the First Meridian.
摘要 PDF （80 KB）（） P. 88-89

LETTER XLV. Method of Determining the Latitude, or the Elevation of the Pole.
摘要 PDF （85 KB）（） P. 90-92

LETTER XLVI. Knowledge of the Longitude, from a Calculation of the Direction, and of the Space Passed through.
摘要 PDF （121 KB）（） P. 93-95

LETTER XLVII. Continuation. Defects of This Method.
摘要 PDF （58 KB）（） P. 96-97

LETTER XLVIII. Second Method of Determining the Longitude, by Means of an Exact Timepiece.
摘要 PDF （85 KB）（） P. 98-99

LETTER XLIX. Continuation, and Further Elucidations.
摘要 PDF （78 KB）（） P. 100-101

LETTER L. Eclipses of the Moon, a Third Method of Finding the Longitude.
摘要 PDF （86 KB）（） P. 102-103

LETTER LI. Observation of the Eclipses of the Satellites of Jupiter, a Fourth Method of Finding the Longitude.
摘要 PDF （111 KB）（） P. 104-105

LETTER LII. The Motion of the Moon, a Fifth Method.
摘要 PDF （75 KB）（） P. 106-107

LETTER LIII. Advantages of This Last Method; Its Degree of Precision.
摘要 PDF （82 KB）（） P. 108-109

LETTER LIV. On the Mariner's Compass, and the Properties of the Magnetic Needle.
摘要 PDF （98 KB）（） P. 110-112

LETTER LV. Declination of the Compass, and Manner of Observing It.
摘要 PDF （99 KB）（） P. 113-114

LETTER LVI. Difference in the Declination of the Compass at the Same Place.
摘要 PDF （83 KB）（） P. 115-116

LETTER LVII. Chart of Declinations; Method of Employing It for the Discovery of the Longitude.
摘要 PDF （79 KB）（） P. 117-118

LETTER LVIII. Why Does the Magnetic Needle Affect, in Every Place of the Earth, a Certain Direction, Differing in Different Places; and for What Reason Does It Change, with Time, at the Same Place?
摘要 PDF （89 KB）（） P. 119-121

LETTER LIX. Elucidations Respecting the Cause and Variation of the Declination of Magnetic Needles.
摘要 PDF （94 KB）（） P. 122-123

LETTER LX. Inclination or Dip of Magnetic Needles.
摘要 PDF （104 KB）（） P. 124-126

LETTER LXI. True Magnetic Direction; Subtile Matter Which Produces the Magnetic Power.
摘要 PDF （78 KB）（） P. 127-128

LETTER LXII. Nature of the Magnetic Matter, and of Its Rapid Current. Magnetic Canals.
摘要 PDF （94 KB）（） P. 129-130

LETTER LXIII. Magnetic Vortex. Action of Magnets upon Each Other.
摘要 PDF （93 KB）（） P. 131-132

LETTER LXIV. Nature of Iron and Steel. Method of Communicating to Them the Magnetic Force.
摘要 PDF （107 KB）（） P. 133-135

LETTER LXV. Action of Loadstones on Iron. Phenomena Observable on Placing Pieces of Iron near a Loadstone.
摘要 PDF （83 KB）（） P. 136-139

LETTER LXVI. Arming of Loadstones.
摘要 PDF （88 KB）（） P. 139-140

LETTER LXVII. Action and Force of Armed Loadstones.
摘要 PDF （86 KB）（） P. 141-142

LETTER LXVIII. The Method of Communicating to Steel the Magnetic Force, and of Magnetizing Needles for the Compass: the Simple Touch, Its Defects; Means of Remedying These.
摘要 PDF （80 KB）（） P. 143-145

LETTER LXIX. On the Double Touch. Means of Preserving the Magnetic Matter in Magnetized Bars.
摘要 PDF （93 KB）（） P. 146-147

LETTER LXX. The Method of Communicating to Bars of Steel a Very Great Magnetic Force, by Means of Other Bars Which Have It in a Very Inferior Degree.
摘要 PDF （92 KB）（） P. 148-150

LETTER LXXI. Construction of Artificial Magnets in the Form of a Horse-shoe.
摘要 PDF （91 KB）（） P. 151-152

LETTER LXXII. On Dioptrics; Instruments Which That Science Supplies: of Telescopes and Microscopes. Different Figures Given to Glasses or Lenses.
摘要 PDF （94 KB）（） P. 153-155

LETTER LXXIII. Difference of Lenses with Respect to the Curve of Their Surfaces. Distribution of Lenses into Three Classes.
摘要 PDF （105 KB）（） P. 156-158

LETTER LXXIV. Effect of Convex Lenses.
摘要 PDF （74 KB）（） P. 159-160

LETTER LXXV. The Same Subject: Distance of the Focus of Convex Lenses.
摘要 PDF （86 KB）（） P. 161-162

LETTER LXXVI. Distance of the Image of Objects.
摘要 PDF （82 KB）（） P. 163-164

LETTER LXXVII. Magnitude of Images.
摘要 PDF （85 KB）（） P. 165-166

LETTER LXXVIII. Burning-glasses.
摘要 PDF （128 KB）（） P. 167-169

LETTER LXXIX. The Camera Obscura.
摘要 PDF （109 KB）（） P. 170-171

LETTER LXXX. Reflections on the Representation in the Camera Obscura.
摘要 PDF （103 KB）（） P. 172-174

LETTER LXXXI. Of the Magic Lantern, and Solar Microscope.
摘要 PDF （81 KB）（） P. 175-176

LETTER LXXXII. Use and Effect of a Simple Convex Lens.
摘要 PDF （84 KB）（） P. 177-178

LETTER LXXXIII. Use and Effect of a Concave Lens.
摘要 PDF （87 KB）（） P. 179-181

LETTER LXXXIV. Of Apparent Magnitude, of the Visual Angle, and of Microscopes in General.
摘要 PDF （83 KB）（） P. 182-183

LETTER LXXXV. Estimation of the Magnitude of Objects Viewed through the Microscope.
摘要 PDF （99 KB）（） P. 184-185

LETTER LXXXVI. Fundamental Proposition for the Construction of Simple Microscopes. Plan of Some Simple Microscopes.
摘要 PDF （98 KB）（） P. 186-187

LETTER LXXXVII. Limits and Defects of the Simple Microscope.
摘要 PDF （99 KB）（） P. 188-190

LETTER LXXXVIII. On Telescopes, and Their Effect.
摘要 PDF （69 KB）（） P. 191-192

LETTER LXXXIX. Of Pocket-glasses.
摘要 PDF （98 KB）（） P. 193-194

LETTER XC. On the Magnifying Power of Pocket-glasses.
摘要 PDF （99 KB）（） P. 195-197

LETTER XCI. Defects of Pocket-glasses. Of the Apparent Field.
摘要 PDF （80 KB）（） P. 198-199

LETTER XCII. Determination of the Apparent Field for Pocket-glasses.
摘要 PDF （70 KB）（） P. 200-201

LETTER XCIII. Astronomical Telescopes, and Their Magnifying Power.
摘要 PDF （88 KB）（） P. 202-203

LETTER XCIV. Of the Apparent Field, and the Place of the Eye.
摘要 PDF （94 KB）（） P. 204-206

LETTER XCV. Determination of the Magnifying Power of Astronomical Telescopes, and the Construction of a Telescope Which Shall Magnify Objects a Given Number of Times.
摘要 PDF （68 KB）（） P. 207-208

LETTER XCVI. Degree of Clearness.
摘要 PDF （87 KB）（） P. 209-210

LETTER XCVII. Aperture of Object-glasses.
摘要 PDF （91 KB）（） P. 211-212

LETTER XCVIII. On Distinctness in the Expression: On the Space of Diffusion Occasioned by the Aperture of Object-glasses, and Considered as the First Source of Want of Distinctness in the Representation.
摘要 PDF （114 KB）（） P. 213-215

LETTER XCIX. Diminution of the Aperture of Lenses, and Other Means of Lessening the Space of Diffusion Till It Is Reduced to Nothing.
摘要 PDF （448 KB）（） P. 216-260

GLOSSARY
PDF （129 KB）（） P. 261-274