转化医学研究
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2014年, 第4卷 第3期 出版日期:2014-03-20

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综述
当前中国阿尔茨海默病转化医学研究的机遇和挑战———中国科协第89期沙龙纪要
陈之春,钟春玖
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 1-9.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.001

摘要   PDF (8006KB)
随着社会老龄化程度日益加剧, 阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)已经成为损害中国和全球健康安全的重大疾病, 严重影响社会和谐稳定与经济可持续发展, 亟需有效的预防和治疗措施。然而, AD病理损害机制仍然不明, 10余年来, 针对脑内β-淀粉样蛋白沉积等诸多新药临床试验也先后宣告失败, AD研究似乎陷入了停滞不前状态。为了整合基础、临床研究力量, 发挥中国特色和优势开展协同攻关, 推动中国的AD研究和创新学说发展, 我们在中国科协的支持下于2014年8月中旬举办了一次主题为“基于创新理论的阿尔茨海默病早期诊治新靶标研究”小型研讨会。与会专家认为, 尽管脑淀粉样蛋白异常沉积和tau蛋白过度磷酸化作为AD特异的病理标志已经确定无疑, 但主流的淀粉样蛋白假说已经受到挑战, AD患者脑糖脂代谢异常、环境因素损害等诱发的多级联病理生理反应在AD病理损害机制中的作用受到越来越多的关注。多模式干预、多靶点药物或/和鸡尾酒疗法应该成为AD防治研究的重点。此外, 我们目前还缺乏用于早期诊断和筛查AD的理想生物学标志物, 现有的脑脊液淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白定量检测、脑葡萄糖和淀粉样蛋白正电子断层扫描虽然能有效诊断AD, 但具有创伤性、操作复杂、费用昂贵等缺点。我们应该加大支持力度, 鼓励寻找临床实用的、血源性AD诊断标志物研究。
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Challenges and opportunities for translational research of Alzheimers disease in China—minutes of the eighty-ninth symposium of China Association for Science and Technology
zhichun Chen,Chunjiu Zhong
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 10-18.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.001EN

摘要   PDF (8240KB)
As the social aging emerges,Alzheimers disease (AD) has become a major neurodegenerative disease which severely disrupts the safety of healthcare system in China and the whole world,dramatically affects the social harmony and stability,as well as disadvantages economic sustainable development.Now,we lacks effective prevention and treatment for AD.AD pathogenesis still remains to be clarified.All the clinical trials targeting cerebral amyloid deposition failed.To strengthen the collaboration between basic and clinical researchers,exert Chinese characteristics and advantages in AD studies,and drive the advancement of translational explorations and innovative solutions of AD in China,we held a symposium focusing on early diagnostic and therapeutic targets of the disease based on innovative discoveries.Experts all agree to that the traditional,classical amyloid hypothesis has been challenged and new perspectives are emerging,including the hypothesis of multiple pathogenic cascades induced by glucose and lipid dysmetabolism,and environmental factors.Current reductionism used in drug development is challenged,and new paradigm of drug development based on multiple disciplines and targets should be preferentially encouraged.Apart from currently established biomarker tests based on amyloid pathology and tau pathology,additional tests with the merits of non-invasion,low cost,easy operation and standardization are incredibly demanding.
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可卡因成瘾的转化和反向转化研究:未来的药物治疗
薛冰,王强
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 19-24.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.002

摘要   PDF (5207KB)
可卡因(cocaine)成瘾是一种经历依赖性精神障碍, 其在医疗、社会和经济等方面所造成的危害日益严重。近年来, 通过动物模型的临床前研究, 我们加深了对可卡因成瘾的神经化学机制的了解。这些新的知识, 促进了对可卡因成瘾的“bench-to-bed”的转化研究。同时, 越来越标准化的药物治疗也促进了药物成瘾的“clinic-to-bench”的反向转化研究。本文综述了近年来可卡因成瘾的转化与反向转化研究的最新进展, 重点介绍多巴胺和谷氨酸系统在调节中脑边缘奖赏环路中的作用以及在新药转化研究中的重要贡献。
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Translational and reverse translational research in cocaine addiction: future medications
Bing Xue,John Q. Wang
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 25-30.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.002EN

摘要   PDF (6103KB)
Cocaine addiction is an experience-dependent psychiatric disorder and is a growing problem in medical,social,and economic perspectives.Recent preclinical studies in animal models have substantially advanced our knowledge on the neurochemical basis underlying enduring cocaine dependence.Those novel pieces of knowledge have greatly facilitated bench-to-bed translational research aimed to discover effective pharmacotherapies for treating cocaine addiction in humans.Meanwhile,standardized therapeutic agents can be used in clinic-to-bench reverse translational research to validate and refine animal models of drug addiction.This review summarizes recent progress in translational and reverse translational research in cocaine dependence by mainly targeting the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems in the mesolimbic circuitry.
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Investing in a healthier future: translational medicine at Imperial College London
Lan Zhao,Martin R Wilkins
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 31-39.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.003EN

摘要   PDF (5129KB)
Clinical research is challenging.Recent recognition of the hurdles in translating discoveries in the laboratory into new medical treatments has galvanised stakeholders to co-ordinate their efforts to address the problems.In the UK,this has manifested itself as a major capital investment in infrastructure and the direction of research funds from government and charities into training researchers in experimental medicine and sponsoring strategic programmes of translational research.Support for collaborative programmes that enable deep-phenotyping of rare diseases,the development of biobanks for biomarker research and milestone-driven bench-to-bedside project grants are key examples of the new strategy.Imperial College London has been a beneficiary of the investment in translational medicine and provides here a snapshot of the developments and successes that have arisen and the prospects for the future.
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投资有益健康的未来:伦敦帝国学院转化医学研究
Lan Zhao,Martin R Wilkins
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 31-39.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.003

摘要   PDF (4615KB)
临床医学研究是一种挑战。对从实验室发现转译到新的医疗方法过程中现存问题的认知激发了各个相关部门的协调努力。在英国, 政府和慈善机构共同投入资金来建立医学研究基础设施, 用于培训医学研究人员和支撑医学研究长远规划, 新设立的资助协作项目包括罕见疾病的深表型分型, 建立生物标志物库, 及驱动一些仍处于研究初期的项目。英国伦敦帝国学院是英国转化医学研究投资的主要中心, 本综述将简概其临床研究中心的发展成就及未来前景。
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网络生物标志物、交互网络和动态网络生物标志物在呼吸系统疾病中的研究进展
王坚,吴晓丹,陈罗南,金美玲,王向东
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 40-46.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.004

摘要   PDF (5834KB)
疾病特异性的生物标志物是在疾病发生发展或者治疗过程中出现功能性改变的物质, 而在疾病特异性的生物标志物研究过程中, 定义和确认交互网络和网络生物标志物日趋重要。本文将分别概述网络生物标志物、交互网络和动态网络生物标志物(dynamical network biomarkers, DNB)的定义、意义、相关研究以及潜在的应用前景。疾病特异性交互网络、网络生物标志物或动态网络生物标志物有助于理解疾病发生的分子机制、风险评估、疾病分类和监测以及评估治疗反应和毒性。基于蛋白的动态网络生物标志物能为区分患者健康状态和疾病前状态提供更多的信息, 这有助于疾病的早期诊断。而临床生物信息学是定义和确认疾病特异性的生物标志物最主要的方法。
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Network biomarkers,interaction networks and dynamical network biomarkers in respiratory diseases
Jian Wang,Xiaodan Wu,Luonan Chen,Meiling Jin,Xiangdong Wang
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 47-47.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.004EN

摘要   PDF (624KB)
Disease-specific biomarkers are the indicators which have functional changes during disease development,progression or treatment.Identification and validation of interaction networks and network biomarkers is becoming extremely important in the research of disease-specific biomarkers.This review presented the definition,significance,related research and potential application for network biomarkers,interaction networks and dynamical network biomarkers (DNB).Disease-specific interaction networks,network biomarkers or dynamic network biomarkers can help to understand the molecular mechanism of disease occurrence,risk assessment,disease classification and monitoring,or evaluation of therapeutic response and toxicity.Protein-based dynamical network biomarkers can provide more information to distinguish healthy stages from pre-disease stages,which might contribute ro early diagnosis for patients.The clinical bioinformatics should be an important method for identifying and validating the disease-specific biomarkers
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一种新型多重PCR技术在肿瘤研究中的应用
张寒,郑胡镛
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 48-52.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.005

摘要   PDF (5273KB)
多重基因表达遗传分析系统(GenomeLab gene expression profiler genetic analysis system, GeXP)是一种全新的基因表达谱定量分析平台。它能够在同一反应中对多至35个基因进行定量检测和分析, 并将通用引物与特异引物相结合。它采用荧光毛细电泳分离技术对多重PCR产物进行定量检测和分析。本文重点综述了多重基因表达遗传分析系统的技术原理及其在肿瘤研究中的应用。
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A novel multiplex-PCR technology in cancer research
Han Zhang,Huyong Zheng
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 53-57.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.005EN

摘要   PDF (5801KB)
The GenomeLab gene expression profiler genetic analysis system (GeXP) is a novel analytical platform for multiplexed detection and quantitation of up to 35 genes in a single analysis.Each primer is designed with gene-specific and universal sequence.The fluorescence capillary electrophoretic separation is used to compare and analyze the expression levels of PCR products.This article mainly introduces the foundation of GeXP technology as well as its application in cancer research.
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3D打印医学
周伟民,闵国全
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 58-61.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.006

摘要   PDF (2540KB)
3D(3D Printing)打印技术的个性化、精准化、远程化等优点特别适合于医学领域应用。本文主要阐述了3D打印技术在医学模型、植入物和医疗器械、组织工程三个领域的应用;针对3D打印在医学领域关注度日增, 提出了制约其发展的瓶颈, 以期引起重视。
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3D printing in medicine
Weimin Zhou,Guoquan Min
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 62-62.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.006EN

摘要   PDF (381KB)
3D printing with personalized customization,high precision,and distance range is especially suitable for medical applications.This paper mainly illustrates three major application in medical model,implants and medical devices,tissue engineering.The bottleneck of 3D medical printing is proposed for its intensive attention to medical fields,and some issues should be paid attention to.
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中国肿瘤细胞免疫治疗的现状与趋势
任军,黄红艳
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 63-68.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.007

摘要   PDF (4940KB)
肿瘤的细胞免疫治疗属于肿瘤生物治疗范畴, 旨在通过调节机体的免疫状态达到治疗肿瘤的目的。肿瘤免疫治疗通常分为两类, 非特异性免疫治疗和特异性免疫治疗。国内目前开展的细胞免疫治疗主要集中于肿瘤的过继细胞免疫治疗, 尤其是以CIK为主的细胞治疗, 在多种实体肿瘤的治疗中取得较好疗效。然而, 相对国外已经进入肿瘤特异性治疗阶段的现状, 我国的细胞免疫治疗仍存在差距和不足。肿瘤疫苗为代表的特异性免疫治疗是目前肿瘤免疫治疗的趋势和发展方向。
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Current situation and trends of tumor cellular immunotherapy in China
Jun Ren,Hongyan Huang
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 69-69.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.007EN

摘要   PDF (541KB)
Cancer immunotherapy,by means of effective immuno-modulation to activate therapeutic antitumor immunity,was confined to the field of cancer biotherapy.Cancer immunotherapy was usually divided into two groups:non-specific immunotherapy and specific immunotherapy according to the responses induced by the immunotherapy.Currently,most of the cancer immunotherapy in China is focused on non-specific immunotherapy.In particularly,CIK-based immunotherapy has been proven to be effective in treating various solid tumors.However,many efforts are warrant in China for specific immunotherapy that has been developing rapidly in other countries.The development of specific immunotherapy,especially tumor vaccine,will be the promising trend of cancer immunotherapy.
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白皮书
大数据和制药行业的需求
汤森路透
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 70-80.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.008

摘要   PDF (11451KB)
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Big data and the needs of the pharma industry
Forwarded by Thomson Reuters Cortellis TM
转化医学研究. 2014, 4 (3): 81-92.  
https://doi.org/10.3868/j.issn.2095-154X.2014.03.008EN

摘要   PDF (12505KB)
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