It will be an important task to improve the ability to use and manage the blockchain and facilitate the development of China’s cyber and digital economy in a safe and benign way during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021–2025). The synchronous “shock reduction” of the top-level system is needed to escort the safe and benign development of blockchain as the driving force and potential energy of blockchain development is released at a high speed. As an important prerequisite for exploring the design ideas of the top-level system of blockchain, it is necessary to grasp the international and domestic development opportunity of blockchain and identify its internal and external security risks. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, China should establish the legislative concept of the organic integration of legal governance and technological governance, establish an effective market competition mechanism driven by the coupling of incentives and regulations, and realize the management synergy between government plans and enterprise strategies. For the sake of promoting the safe and benign development of blockchain, it is the fundamental policy to accelerate blockchain technology development by developing key technologies, advancing the industrial innovation process and strengthening the construction of talent pool. Meanwhile, it is the safeguarding policy to strengthen the top-level system design of blockchain through advancing legislation timely, improving market mechanisms and optimizing governance system.