Abstract:The germination responses of Medicago sativa (Yazdi and Hamedani cultivars) seeds to salinity stress by different salt solutions were studied in this project. To evaluate salt tolerance during germination, 25 seeds of each cultivar were placed on filter paper in 9 cm petri dishes containing distilled water (control), 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 300 mmol·L−1 saline solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, and KCl, respectively. The results indicated that the effects of salinity levels were significant (P < 0.05) for percent seed germination, seed germination rate, mean time to germination, length of the stem, and radical and seed vigor. Seed germination decreased significantly by increasing salinity levels. These two cultivars of alfalfa were more resistant to KCl than NaCl and CaCl2 salts, respectively. In addition, the results showed that the Hamedani cultivar was more tolerant than Yazdi cv. against salinity.
. Effects of various salts on the germination of
two cultivars of Medicago sativa[J]. Front. Agric. China, 2010, 4(1): 63-68.
Gh. AZHDARI, A. TAVILI, M. A. ZARE, . Effects of various salts on the germination of
two cultivars of Medicago sativa. Front. Agric. China, 2010, 4(1): 63-68.
Abdul-baki A A, Anderson J D(1973). Vigordetermination in soybean seed by multiplication. Crop Science, 3: 630―633
Allen G J, Wyn Jones R G, Leigh R A(1995). Sodium transport measured in plasmamembrane vesicles isolated from wheat genotypes with differing K+/Na+ discrimination traits. Plant, Cell and Environment, 18: 105―115 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00344.x
Azaizeh H, Gunse B, Steudle E(1992). Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 on water transport across root cells of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Plant Physiology, 99: 886―894 doi: 10.1104/pp.99.3.886
Basalah M O(1991). Effect of salinity on seed germination and growth ofsequash (Cucubita pepo L.). Arab Gulf J Sci Res, 9: 87―97
Breen C M, Everson C, Rogers K(1997). Ecological studies on Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth with particularreference to salinity and inundation. Hydrobiologia, 54: 135―140 doi: 10.1007/BF00034987
Brenchley J L, Probert R J(1998). Seedgermination responses to some environmental variables in the sea grass Zoostera capricorni from eastern Australia. Aquat Bot, 62: 177―188 doi: 10.1016/S0304-3770(98)00089-8
Cramer G R(1992). Kinetics of maize leaf elongation. II. Response of aNa-excluding cultivar and a Na-including cultivar to varying NA/CAsalinities. Experimental Botany, 43: 857―864 doi: 10.1093/jxb/43.6.857
Cramer G R, Lauchli A, Polito V S(1985). Displacement of Ca2+ by Na+ from the plasmalemma of root cells.A primary response to salt stress? PlantPhysiology, 79: 207―211 doi: 10.1104/pp.79.1.207
El-Kharbotly A, Mahgoub O, Al-Subhi A, Al-Halhali A(2003). Indigenous grass cultivars with potential for maintainingrangeland and livestock feeding in Oman. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 95: 623―627 doi: 10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00179-2
Epstein E, Norlyn J D, Rush D W, Kinsbury R W, Kelly D B, Gunningham G A, Wrona A F(1980). Saline culture of crops: A genetic approach. Science, 210: 399―404 doi: 10.1126/science.210.4468.399
Flowers T J, Yeo A R(1995). Breedingfor salinity resistance in crop plants. Aust J Plant Physiol, 22: 875―884 doi: 10.1071/PP9950875
Hardegree S P, Emmerich W E(1990). Partitioningwater potential and specific salt effects on seed germination of fourgrasses. Annals of Botany, 66: 587―595
Kent L M, Lauchli A(1985). Germinationand seedling growth of cotton: salinity-calcium interactions. Plan, Cell and Environment, 8: 155―159 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1985.tb01223.x
Maguire J D(1962). Speed of germination in selection and evaluation forseedling vigour. Crop Science, 2: 176―177
Nabil M, Coudret A(1995). Effectsof sodium chloride on growth, tissue elasticity and solute adjustmentin two Acacia nilotica subcultivars. Physiologia Plantarum, 93: 217―224 doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1995.tb02220.x
Neumann P M(1993). Rapid and reversible modifications of extension capacityof cell walls in elongating maize leaf tissues responding to rootaddition and removal of NaCl. Plant, Celland Environment, 16: 1107―1114 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb02068.x
Neumann P M, Azaizeh H, Leon D(1994). Hardening of root cell walls: a growthinhibitory response to salinity stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 17: 303―309 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00296.x
Othman Y, A1-karaki G, Al-Tawaha A R, Alhorani A(2006). Variation in germination and ion uptake in barley genotypesunder salinity conditions. J AgriculturalScience, 2(1): 11―15
Pujol J A, Calvo J F, Ramirez-Diaz L(2000). Recovery of germination from differentosmotic conditions by four halophytes from southeastern Spain. Ann Bot, 85: 279―286 doi: 10.1006/anbo.1999.1028
Redmann R E(1974). Osmotic and specific ion effects on the germinationof alfalfa. Canadian Journal of Botany, 52: 803―808 doi: 10.1139/b74-104
Shainberg I(1975). Salinity of soils–effects of salinity on the physicsand chemistry of soils. In: Poljakoff-Mayber A, Gale J, eds. Plants in Saline Environments. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 39―55
Shokohifard G, Sakagam K H, Matsumoto S(1989). Effect of amending materials on growthof radish plant in salinized soil. J PlantNutr, 12: 1195―1294 doi: 10.1080/01904168909364031
Susan M(2007). Most Bees Live Alone: No hives, no honey, but maybehelp for crops. Science News, 171(1): 11―13
Szabolcs I(1994). Soils and salinization. In: Pessarakli M, ed. Handbook of Plantand Crop Stress. New York: Marcel Dekker, 3―11
Tobe K, Li X, Omasa K(2002). Effects of sodium, magnesium andcalcium salt types on salt types on seed germination and radicle survivalof a halophyte, Kalidium capsicum (Chenopodiaceae). Australian Journal of Botany, 50: 163―169 doi: 10.1071/BT01065
Ungar I A(1982). Germination ecology of halophytes. In: Sen D N, Raj-purchitK S, eds. Contributions to the Ecology of Halophytes. The Hague: Junk, 143―154
Unger I A(1996). Effect of salinity on seed germination, growth, andion accumulation of Atriplex patula (Chenopodiaeceae). Am J Bot, 83: 604―607 doi: 10.2307/2445919
Waisel Y(1972). Biology of Halophytes. New York and London: AcademicPress