Do the tropical freshwater fishes feed on aquatic fungi?

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Frontiers of Agriculture in China

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ISSN 1673-744X(Online)

CN 11-5729/S

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Front Agric Chin

0, Vol.

Issue () : 77-86 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11703-011-1055-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Do the tropical freshwater fishes feed on aquatic fungi?

Kandikere R. SRIDHAR(

), Naga M. SUDHEEP

Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India

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Abstract

Consumption and processing of allochthonous plant litter by fishes is more common in tropical than temperate streams and rivers. Therefore, aquatic hyphomycetes in water (filtration), leaf litter (bubble chamber incubation), and fecal pellets (direct observation and inoculation to sterile leaf litter) of three dominant fishes belonging to the family Cyprinidae (BoldItalic, BoldItalic, and BoldItalic) in two locations of the River Kali of the Western Ghats, India, were evaluated during postmonsoon season. Spores of 14 and 9 species of aquatic hyphomycetes were recovered on filtering water samples of Kaiga stream and Kadra dam with equal number of spores (32 spores·100 mL^-1) and high Shannon diversity in Kaiga stream. In a bubble chamber incubation of leaf litter, 16 and 9 species were recovered from Kaiga stream and Kadra dam with high spore output (1122 versus 324 spores per mg dry mass) and high Shannon diversity in Kaiga stream. Both direct and indirect methods of examination of fecal pellets of fishes revealed more species in Kaiga stream than Kadra dam (4–7 versus 1–4 species). The spore release in leaf litter incubated with fecal pellets ranged from 2.3 to 98 spores·mg^-1·day^-1 with the highest BoldItalic in Kaiga stream; while in Kadra dam, it was from 0.02 to 22.9 spores·mg^-1·day^-1 with the highest in BoldItalic. The Shannon diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes was high in fecal pellets of BoldItalic of Kaiga stream and BoldItalic of Kadra dam. The top-ranked five species of aquatic hyphomycetes differed in water, leaf litter, and fish fecal pellets; however, BoldItalic was common for all. All five top-ranked species of aquatic hyphomycetes in feces produced multicelled spores; thus, they were likely to have a better chance of viability through gut passage than single-celled spores. Preferential feeding, fungi in gut and feces, and survival and dissemination of spores by invertebrates and fishes with reference to aquatic hyphomycetes were discussed.

Keywords Western Ghats freshwater fishes feces drift spores leaf litter aquatic hyphomycetes

Corresponding Author(s): SRIDHAR Kandikere R.,Email:sirikr@yahoo.com

Issue Date: 05 March 2011

Cite this article:

Kandikere R. SRIDHAR,Naga M. SUDHEEP. Do the tropical freshwater fishes feed on aquatic fungi?[J]. Front Agric Chin, 0, (): 77-86.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/10.1007/s11703-011-1055-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fag/EN/Y0/V/I/77

Fig.1 Sampling sites at Kaiga stream (S1, S2, and S3) and Kadra dam (D1, D2, and D3)

Tab.1 Physicochemical variables of water samples of sampling locations ( = 3, mean, range in parenthesis)

Tab.2 Spores of aquatic hyphomycetes in water of sampling sites (spores·100 mL) ( = 3, mean)

Fig.2 Species and spore richness of aquatic hyphomycetes in water and leaf litter collected from Kaiga stream and Kadra dam

Tab.3 Spores of aquatic hyphomycetes in leaf litter of sampling sites (spore·mg dry mass) ( = 3, mean)

Tab.4 Percent contribution ( = 3, mean) and relative abundance of spores of aquatic hyphomycetes colonized leaf disks incubated with fecal pellets of fishes collected from Kaiga stream and Kadra dam (in parenthesis)

Fig.3 Species richness (direct and indirect methods) and spore richness (indirect method) of aquatic hyphomycetes in fecal pellets of fishes from Kaiga stream and Kadra dam

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