Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system
Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system
Lifeng YAN(), Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI
Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Cellulose samples with molecular weights ranging from 8.39 × 104 to 11.00 × 104 g/mol were obtained from wheat straw. The dewaxed wheat straw was pretreated with aqueous hydrochloric acid followed by delignification using an environmentally benign poly(ethyleneglycol)/salt aqueous biphasic system. The yield of cellulose was in the range of 48.9%–55.5% and the cellulose contained 1.2%–3.2% hemicelluloses, and 0.97%–3.47% lignin. All the isolated cellulose samples could be directly dissolved in a 6 wt-% NaOH/4 wt-% urea aqueous solution through a precooling-thawing process to form a homogenous solution. The separation process was investigated and the obtained cellulose and its solution were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray apparatus, and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed that aqueous soluble cellulose can be directly prepared from wheat straw by this method and this study opens a novel pathway to prepare cellulosic materials from agricultural waste.
Corresponding Author(s):
YAN Lifeng,Email:lfyan@ustc.edu.cn
引用本文:
. Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2012, 6(3): 282-291.
Lifeng YAN, Yi ZHAO, Qing GU, Wan LI. Isolation of highly purity cellulose from wheat straw using a modified aqueous biphasic system. Front Chem Sci Eng, 2012, 6(3): 282-291.
Huber G W, Corma A. Synergies between bio- and oil refineries for the production of fuels from biomass. Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2007, 46(38): 7184-7201 doi: 10.1002/anie.200604504 pmid:17610226
2
Chheda J N, Huber G W, Dumesic J A. Liquid-phase catalytic processing of biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons to fuels and chemicals. Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2007, 46(38): 7164-7183 doi: 10.1002/anie.200604274 pmid:17659519
3
Corma A, Iborra S, Velty A. Chemical routes for the transformation of biomass into chemicals. Chemical Reviews , 2007, 107(6): 2411-2502 doi: 10.1021/cr050989d pmid:17535020
4
Metzger J O. Production of liquid hydrocarbons from biomass. Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2006, 45(5): 696-698 doi: 10.1002/anie.200502895 pmid:16374789
5
Ragauskas A J, Williams C K, Davison B H, Britovsek G, Cairney J, Eckert C A, Frederick W J Jr, Hallett J P, Leak D J, Liotta C L, Mielenz J R, Murphy R, Templer R, Tschaplinski T. The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials. Science , 2006, 311(5760): 484-489 doi: 10.1126/science.1114736 pmid:16439654
6
Goodger E M. Hydrocarbon fuels: production, properties and performance of liquids and gases. London: Macmillan, 1976, 4-16
7
Nishio Y. Material functionalization of cellulose and related polysaccharides via diverse microcompositions. Advances in Polymer Science , 2006, 205(9): 97-151 doi: 10.1007/12_095
8
Heinze T, Liebert T, Heublein B, Hornig S. Functional polymers based on dextran. Advances in Polymer Science , 2006, 205(9): 199-291 doi: 10.1007/12_100
9
Klemm D, Schumann D, Kramer F, He?ler N, Hornung M, Schmauder H P, Marsch S. Nanocelluloses as innovative polymers in research and application. Advances in Polymer Science , 2006, 205(9): 49-96 doi: 10.1007/12_097
10
Schaible D, Sherwood B. Treatment of pulp to produce microcrystalline cellulose. US20050145351A1, 2005
11
Zhang Y, Lu X, Pizzi A, Delmotte L. Wheat straw particleboard bonding improvements by enzyme pretreatment. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products , 2003, 61(1): 49-54 doi: 10.1007/s00107-002-0349-2
12
Avella M, Martuscelli E, Pascucci B, Raimo M, Focher B, Marzetti A. A new class of biodegradable materials—poly-3-hydroxy-butyrate steam exploded straw fiber composites. 1. Thermal and impact behavior. Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 1993, 49(12): 2091-2103 doi: 10.1002/app.1993.070491205
13
Hornsby P R, Hinrichsen E, Tarverdi K. Preparation and properties of polypropylene composites reinforced with wheat and flax straw fibres. 1. Fibre characterization. Journal of Materials Science , 1997, 32(2): 443-449 doi: 10.1023/A:1018521920738
14
Chen J, Spear S K, Huddleston J G, Rogers R D. Polyethylene glycol and solutions of polyethylene glycol as green reaction media. Green Chemistry , 2005, 7(2): 64-82 doi: 10.1039/b413546f
15
Reddy N, Yang Y. Biofibers from agricultural byproducts for industrial applications. Trends in Biotechnology , 2005, 23(1): 22-27 doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.11.002 pmid:15629854
16
Diaz M J, Eugenio M E, Lopez F, Alaejos J. Paper from olive tree residues. Industrial Crops and Products , 2005, 21(2): 211-221 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.009
17
Yan L F, Li W, Yang J L, Zhu Q S. Direct visualization of straw cell walls by AFM. Macromolecular Bioscience , 2004, 4(2): 112-118 doi: 10.1002/mabi.200300032 pmid:15468201
18
Chakar F S, Ragauskas A J. Review of current and future softwood kraft lignin process chemistry. Industrial Crops and Products , 2004, 20(2): 131-141 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2004.04.016
19
Smook G A, ed. Handbook for Pulp & Paper Technologists. 2nd ed. Vancouver: Angus Wilde Publications , 1992, 22-58
20
Vincent J F V. From cellulose to cell. Journal of Experimental Biology , 1999, 202(Pt 23): 3263-3268 pmid:10562507
21
Sun R C, Fang J M, Tomkinson J, Geng Z C, Liu J C. Fractional isolation, physico-chemical characterization and homogeneous esterification of hemicelluloses from fast-growing poplar wood. Carbohydrate Polymers , 2001, 44(1): 29-39 doi: 10.1016/S0144-8617(00)00196-X
22
Herrera A, Tellez-Luis S J, Gonzalez-Cabriales J J, Ramirez J A, Vazquez M. Effect of the hydrochloric acid concentration on the hydrolysis of sorghum straw at atmospheric pressure. Journal of Food Engineering , 2004, 63(1): 103-109 doi: 10.1016/S0260-8774(03)00288-7
23
Sepulveda-Huerta E, Tellez-Luis S J, Bocanegra-Garcia V, Ramirez J A, Vazquez M. Production of detoxified sorghum straw hydrolysates for fermentative purposes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 2006, 86(15): 2579-2586 doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2651
24
Aguilar R, Ramirez J A, Garrote G, Vazquez M. Kinetic study of the acid hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse. Journal of Food Engineering , 2002, 55(4): 309-318 doi: 10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00106-1
25
Tellez-Luis S J, Uresti R M, Ramirez J A, Vazquez M. Low-salt restructured fish products using microbial transglutaminase as binding agent. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 2002, 82(9): 953-959 doi: 10.1002/jsfa.1132
26
Herrera A, Tellez-Luis S J, Ramirez J A, Vazquez M. Production of xylose from sorghum straw using hydrochloric acid. Journal of Cereal Science , 2003, 37(3): 267-274 doi: 10.1006/jcrs.2002.0510
27
Gámez S, Gonzalez-Cabriales J J, Ramirez J A, Garrote G, Vazquez M. Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric acid. Journal of Food Engineering , 2006, 74(1): 78-88 doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.02.005
28
Ruan D, Zhang L N, Lue A, Zhou J P, Chen H, Chen X M, Chu B, Kondo T. A rapid process for producing cellulose multi-filament fibers from a NaOH/thiourea solvent system. Macromolecular Rapid Communications , 2006, 27(17): 1495-1500 doi: 10.1002/marc.200600232
29
Pye E K, Lora J H. The alcell process—a proven alternative to Kraft pulping. Tappi Journal , 1991, 74(3): 113-118
30
Green R P, Hough G, eds. Chemical Recovery in the Alkaline Pulping Processes Revised Edition. Atlanta: Tappi Press, 1992, 1-35
31
Paszner L, Cho H J. Organosolv pulping—acidic catalysis options and their effect on fiber quality and delignification. Tappi Journal , 1989, 72(2): 135-142
32
Mcdonough T J. The chemistry of organosolv delignification. Tappi Journal , 1993, 76(8): 186-193
33
Guo Z, Li M, Willauer H D, Huddleston J G, April G C, Rogers R D. Evaluation of polymer-based aqueous biphasic systems as improvement for the hardwood alkaline pulping process. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 2002, 41(10): 2535-2542 doi: 10.1021/ie0104058
34
Zhang L N, Ruan D, Gao S J. Dissolution and regeneration of cellulose in NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution. J Polym Sci Pol Phys , 2002, 40(14): 1521-1529 doi: 10.1002/polb.10215
35
Cai J, Zhang L. Rapid dissolution of cellulose in LiOH/urea and NaOH/urea aqueous solutions. Macromolecular Bioscience , 2005, 5(6): 539-548 doi: 10.1002/mabi.200400222 pmid:15954076
36
Chai X S, Zhu J Y. Method for rapidly determining a pulp kappa number using spectrophotometry. US6475339B1, 2002
37
Togrul H, Arslan N. Flow properties of sugar beet pulp cellulose and intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationship. Carbohydrate Polymers , 2003, 54(1): 63-71 doi: 10.1016/S0144-8617(03)00146-2
38
Johnston H K, Sourirajan S. Viscosity-temperature relationships for cellulose acetate-acetone solutions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 1973, 17(12): 3717-3726 doi: 10.1002/app.1973.070171213
39
Zhou J P, Zhang L, Deng Q H, Wu X J. Synthesis and characterization of cellulose derivatives prepared in NaOH/urea aqueous solutions. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry , 2004, 42(23): 5911-5920 doi: 10.1002/pola.20431
40
Roberts K. Structures at the plant cell surface. Current Opinion in Cell Biology , 1990, 2(5): 920-928 doi: 10.1016/0955-0674(90)90093-T pmid:2083091
41
Ristolainen M, Alen R, Malkavaara P, Pere J. Reflectance FTIR microspectroscopy for studying effect of xylan removal on unbleached and bleached birch Kraft pulps. Holzforschung , 2002, 56(5): 513-521 doi: 10.1515/HF.2002.079
42
Xiao B, Sun X F, Sun R C. Chemical, structural, and thermal characterizations of alkali-soluble lignins and hemicelluloses, and cellulose from maize stems, rye straw, and rice straw. Polymer Degradation & Stability , 2001, 74(2): 307-319 doi: 10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00163-X
43
Sun R, Sun X F, Liu G Q, Fowler P, Tomkinson J. Structural and physicochemical characterization of hemicelluloses isolated by alkaline peroxide from barley straw. Polymer International , 2002, 51(2): 117-124 doi: 10.1002/pi.815
44
Sun X F, Sun R C, Su Y Q, Sun J X. Comparative study of crude and purified cellulose from wheat straw. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry , 2004, 52(4): 839-847 doi: 10.1021/jf0349230 pmid:14969539
45
Kaplan D L, ed. Biopolymers from Renewable Resources. 1st ed. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1998, 3-27
