Polyethylene glycol-supported ionic liquid as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of propylene carbonate under mild conditions
Polyethylene glycol-supported ionic liquid as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of propylene carbonate under mild conditions
Rui YAO, Hua WANG, Jinyu HAN()
Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of State Education Ministry, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
The coupling reaction of propylene and CO2 to form propylene carbonate (PC) was promoted by an ionic liquid (IL) covalently bound to polyethylene glycol (PEG). The supported ionic liquid, which has both acidic and basic components, proved to be an active catalyst for PC synthesis under mild conditions. The effects of different cations and anions, reaction temperature, CO2 pressure, and reaction time were investigated. It was demonstrated that the acid group in the catalyst plays an important role in the reaction. With this system, a high PC yield (95%) was achieved under mild conditions (3.0 MPa, 120°C and 4 h) without a co-solvent. In addition, the catalyst was readily recovered and reused. Based on the experimental results, a plausible mechanism for the catalyst was proposed.
Corresponding Author(s):
HAN Jinyu,Email:hanjinyu@tju.edu.cn
引用本文:
. Polyethylene glycol-supported ionic liquid as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of propylene carbonate under mild conditions[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2012, 6(3): 239-245.
Rui YAO, Hua WANG, Jinyu HAN. Polyethylene glycol-supported ionic liquid as a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of propylene carbonate under mild conditions. Front Chem Sci Eng, 2012, 6(3): 239-245.
Sakakura T, Choi J C, Yasuda H. Transformation of carbon dioxide. Chemical Reviews , 2007, 107(6): 2365–2387 doi: 10.1021/cr068357u pmid:17564481
2
Dai W L, Luo S L, Yin S F, Au C T. The direct transformation of carbon dioxide to organic carbonates over heterogeneous catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General , 2009, 366(1): 2–12 doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.06.045
3
Zhang S J, Chen Y H, Li F W, Lu X M, Dai W B, Mori R. Fixation and conversion of CO2 using ionic liquids. Catalysis Today , 2006, 115(1–4): 61–69 doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2006.02.021
4
Sako T, Fukai T, Sahashi R, Sone M, Matsuno M. Cycloaddition of oxirane group with carbon dioxide in the supercritical homogeneous state. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 2002, 41(22): 5353–5358 doi: 10.1021/ie020164j
5
Caló V, Nacci A, Monopoli A, Fanizzi A. Cyclic carbonate formation from carbon dioxide and oxiranes in tetrabutylammonium halides as solvents and catalysts. Organic Letters , 2002, 4(15): 2561–2563 doi: 10.1021/ol026189w pmid:12123376
6
Chang T, Jing H W, Jin L L, Qiu W Y. Quaternary onium tribromide catalyzed cyclic carbonate synthesis from carbon dioxide and epoxides. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical , 2007, 264(1–2): 241–247 doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.08.089
7
He L N, Yasuda T, Sakakura T. New procedure for recycling homogeneous catalyst: propylene carbonate synthesis under supercritical CO2. Green Chemistry , 2003, 5(1): 92–94 doi: 10.1039/b210007j
8
Jiang J L, Gao F X, Hua R M, Qiu X Q. Re(CO)5Br-catalyzed coupling of epoxides with CO2 affording cyclic carbonates under solvent-free conditions. Journal of Organic Chemistry , 2005, 70(1): 381–383 doi: 10.1021/jo0485785 pmid:15624956
9
Kim H S, Kim J J, Kwon H N, Chung M J, Lee B G, Jang H G. Well-defined highly active heterogeneous catalyst system for the coupling reactions of carbon dioxide and epoxides. Journal of Catalysis , 2002, 205(1): 226–229 doi: 10.1006/jcat.2001.3444
10
Kawanami H, Sasaki A, Matsui K, Ikushima Y. A rapid and effective synthesis of propylene carbonate using a supercritical CO2-ionic liquid system. Chemical Communications , 2003, 2003(7): 896–897 doi: 10.1039/b212823c pmid:12739666
11
Wang J Q, Yue X D, Cai F, He L N. Solventless synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides catalyzed by silica-supported ionic liquids under supercritical conditions. Catalysis Communications , 2007, 8(2): 167–172 doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2006.05.049
12
Peng J J, Deng Y Q. Cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to propylene oxide catalyzed with ionic liquid. New Journal of Chemistry , 2001, 25(4): 639–641 doi: 10.1039/b008923k
13
Yang H Z, Gu Y L, Deng Y Q, Shi F. Electrochemical activation of carbon dioxide in ionic liquid: synthesis of cyclic carbonates at mild reaction conditions. Chemical Communications , 2002, 2002(3): 274–275 doi: 10.1039/b108451h pmid:12120401
14
Kim H S, Kim J J, Kim H, Jang H G. Imidazolium zinc tetrahalide-catalyzed coupling reaction of CO2 and ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. Journal of Catalysis , 2003, 220(1): 44–46 doi: 10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00238-0
15
Li F, Xiao L, Xia C, Hu B. Chemical fixationof CO2 with highly efficient ZnCl2/[BMIm]Br catalyst system. Tetrahedron Letters , 2004, 45(45): 8307–8310 doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.09.074
16
Sun J M, Fujita S I, Arai M. Development in the green synthesis of cyclic carbonate from carbon dioxide using ionic liquids. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry , 2005, 690(15): 3490–3497 doi: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.02.011
17
Xiao L F, Li F W, Peng J J, Xia C G. Immobilized ionic liquid zinc chloride: heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical , 2006, 253(1–2): 265–269 doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.03.047
18
Sun J, Zhang S J, Cheng W G, Ren G Y. Hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquid: a novel efficient catalyst for chemical fixation of CO2 to cyclic carbonate. Tetrahedron Letters , 2008, 49(22): 3588–3591 doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.04.022
19
Kim Y J, Varma R S. Tetrahaloindate(III)-based ionic liquids in the coupling reaction of carbon dioxide and epoxides to generate cyclic carbonates: H-bonding and mechanistic studies. Journal of Organic Chemistry , 2005, 70(20): 7882–7891 doi: 10.1021/jo050699x pmid:16277307
20
Tian J S, Miao C X, Wang J Q, Cai F, Du Y, Zhao Y, He L N. Efficient synthesis of dimethy carbonate from methanol, propylene oxide and CO2 catalyzed by recyclable inorganic base/phosphonium halide-functionalized polyethylene glycol. Green Chemistry , 2007, 9(6): 566–571 doi: 10.1039/b614259a
21
Dai W L, Chen L, Yin S F, Luo S L, Au C T. 3-(2-Hydroxyl-ethyl)-1-propylimidazolium bromide immobilized on SBA-15 as efficient catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates via the coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides. Catalysis Letters , 2010, 135(3–4): 295–304 doi: 10.1007/s10562-010-0285-4
22
Wang J Q, Kong D L, Chen J Y, Cai F, He L N. Synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide over silica-supported quaternary ammonium salts under supercritical conditions. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical , 2006, 249(1–2): 143–148 doi: 10.1016/j.molcata.2006.01.008
23
Du Y, Wang J Q, Chen J Y, Cai F, Tian J S, Kong D L, He L N. A poly(ethylene glycol)-supported quaternary ammonium salt for highly efficient and environmentally friendly chemical fixation of CO2 with epoxides under supercritical conditions. Tetrahedron Letters , 2006, 47(8): 1271–1275 doi: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.12.077
24
Sun J, Cheng W G, Fan W, Wang Y H, Meng Z Y, Zhang S J. Reusable and efficient polymer-supported task-specific ionic liquid catalyst for cycloaddition of epoxide with CO2. Catalysis Today , 2009, 148(3–4): 361–367 doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.07.070
25
Ulusoy M, Cetinkaya E, Cetinkaya B. Conversion of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates using diimine Ru(II) complexes as catalysts. Applied Organometallic Chemistry , 2009, 23(2): 68–74 doi: 10.1002/aoc.1473
26
Xie Y, Zhang Z F, Jiang T, He J L, Han B X, Wu T B, Ding K L. CO2 cycloaddition reactions catalyzed by an ionic liquid grafted onto a highly cross-linked polymer matrix. Angewandte Chemie International Edition , 2007, 46(38): 7255–7258 doi: 10.1002/anie.200701467
27
Heldebrant D J, Witt H N, Walsh S M, Ellis T, Rauscher J, Jessop P G. Liquid polymers as solvents for catalytic reductions. Green Chemistry , 2006, 8(9): 807–815 doi: 10.1039/b605405f
28
Gourgouillon D, Avelino H J, Fareleira J, Ponte M N. Simultaneous viscosity and density measurement of supercritical CO2-satureted PEG 400. Journal of Supercritical Fluids , 1998, 13(1–3): 177–185 doi: 10.1016/S0896-8446(98)00050-3
29
Harrison K L, Johnston K P, Sanchez I C. Effect of surfactants on the interfacial tension between supercritical carbonate dioxide and polyethylene glocol. Langmuir , 1996, 12(11): 2637–2644 doi: 10.1021/la9510137
30
Dariva C, Coelho L A F, Oliveira J V. A kinetic approach for predicting diffusivities in dense fluid mixtures. Fluid Phase Equilibria , 1999, 158–160(b) : 1045–1054
31
Kawanami H, Sasaki A, Matsui K, Ikushima Y. A rapid and effective synthesis of propylene carbonate using a supercritical CO2-ionic liquid system. Chemical Communications , 2003, 7(7): 896–897 doi: 10.1039/b212823c pmid:12739666
32
Nomura R, Kimura M, Teshima S, Ninagawa A, Matsuda H. Directsynthesis of cyclic carbonates in the presence of organometallic compounds. Catalyses by systems from IVA, VA, and VIA group compounds and Lewis base. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan , 1982, 55(10): 3200–3203 doi: 10.1246/bcsj.55.3200
33
Udayakumar S, Lee M K, Shim H L, Park D W. Functionalization of organic ions on hybrid MCM-41 for cycloaddition reaction: the effective conversion of carbon dioxide. Applied Catalysis A: General , 2009, 365(1): 88–95 doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.05.057
34
Udayakumar S, Park S W, Park D W, Choi B S. Immobilization of ionic liquid on hybrid MCM-41 system for the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide on cyclic carbonate. Catalysis Communications , 2008, 9(7): 1563–1570 doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2008.01.001
35
Zhu A L, Jiang T, Han B X, Zhang J C, Xie Y, Ma X M. Supported choline chloride/urea as a heterogeneous catalyst for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide to cyclic carbonates. Green Chemistry , 2007, 9(2): 169–172 doi: 10.1039/b612164k