Microwave assisted synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) grafted agar (Ag-g-P(HEMA)) and its application as a flocculant for wastewater treatment
Microwave assisted synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) grafted agar (Ag-g-P(HEMA)) and its application as a flocculant for wastewater treatment
Gautam SEN, G. Usha RANI(), Sumit MISHRA
Department of Applied Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835 215, India
Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) chains were grafted onto the backbone of agar using a microwave assisted method involving a combination of microwave irradiation and ceric ammonium nitrate to initiate the grafting reaction. The synthesized graft copolymers were characterized by intrinsic viscosity measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis (C, H, N, O and S) and scanning electron microscopy. Ag-g-P(HEMA)-2 showed a much higher flocculation efficacy than agar. The optimized dosage of flocculation for Ag-g-P(HEMA)-2 in the wastewater was found to be 0.75 ppm. Compared to agar, Ag-g-P(HEMA)-2 was found to considerably reduce the pollutant load in the wastewater.
Corresponding Author(s):
RANI G. Usha,Email:ushaindian@yahoo.com
引用本文:
. Microwave assisted synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) grafted agar (Ag-g-P(HEMA)) and its application as a flocculant for wastewater treatment[J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2013, 7(3): 312-321.
Gautam SEN, G. Usha RANI, Sumit MISHRA. Microwave assisted synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) grafted agar (Ag-g-P(HEMA)) and its application as a flocculant for wastewater treatment. Front Chem Sci Eng, 2013, 7(3): 312-321.
Time of microwave irradiation (up to gel formation)
Grafting/%
Intrinsic viscosity /(dL·g-1)
Ag-g-P(HEMA)
1
10
0.2
0 sec
0.00%
0.00
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-1
1
10
0.2
82.3 sec
200%
4.44
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-2
1
10
0.3
78.77 sec
835%
10.66
Ag-g-(PHEMA)-3
1
10
0.4
60.2 sec
476.4%
5.35
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-4
1
5
0.3
93.3 sec
648.56%
7.96
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-5
1
15
0.3
81.21 sec
329%
5.24
Agar (Ag)
-
-
-
-
-
2.96
Tab.1
Fig.2
Fig.3
Polymer
C/%
H/%
O/%
N/%
Agar
46.93
5.7
46.93
0.00
HEMA
55.37
7.74
36.88
0.00
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-2
49.69
7.876
0.00
Tab.2
Fig.4
Polymer
υO–H
υ′O–H
BoldItalicC–H
υC–O–C
υC=O
Agar (Ag)
3170.97
3572.17
2980.02, 2887.44
1068.56
-
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-2
3167.12
3583.74
2947.23, 2885.51
1078.28, 1022.27
1724.35
Tab.3
Fig.5
Fig.6
Polymer grade
Percentage grafting /(G%)
Intrinsic viscosity /(dL·g-1)
Flocculation efficacy (in terms of percent reduction of turbidity in a 0.25% kaolin suspension at optimized dosage 0.75 ppm)
Agar
-
2.96
20.28%
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-1
200%
4.44
24.56%
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-5
329%
5.24
26.83%
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-3
476.4%
5.35
30.73%
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-4
648.54%
7.96
42.70%
Ag-g-P(HEMA)-2
835%
10.66
49.52%
Tab.4
Fig.7
Parameters
SET 1
SET 2
SET 3
Turbidity/NTU
20.6
18.62
14.9
TDS/ppm
336
280
220
TSS/ppm
134
78
50
Total iron /ppm
1.93
1.89
1.13
Total chromiumVI/ppm
0.141
0.023
0.005
COD/ppm
609.09
290.90
81.81
Tab.5
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