Effect of the degree of template removal from mesoporous silicate materials on their adsorption of heavy oil from aqueous solution
Farouq TWAIQ1,*(),M.S. NASSER2,Sagheer A. ONAIZI3,4
1. Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Kuching 93350, Malaysia 2. Gas Processing Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, P. O. Box 2713, Qatar 3. School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Singapore 599489, Singapore 4. School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
The key aim of this study is to evaluate the adsorption of heavy oil from aqueous solutions with different oil contents over mesoporous silicate materials having different surfactant template contents. The mesoporous silicate materials have been synthesized from tetraethylorthosilicate as a silica precursor and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template using the sol-gel technique. Four samples were prepared by (1) totally removing the template using the calcination process, (2) partially removing the template via ethanol extraction, (3) partially removing the template via water extraction, and (4) keeping the template as synthesized, respectively. These four samples have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, thermal gravimetric analysis and Fourier transformed infrared. The effect of the degree of template removal of these mesoporous materials for the oil removal has been investigated. The oil removal is inversely proportional to the surfactant content in the mesoporous material, being highest for the calcined sample but lowest for the as-synthesized sample. The kinetic of oil adsorption over the calcined material has been also studied and the data obtained fit well a second-order model.
. [J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2014, 8(4): 488-497.
Farouq TWAIQ,M.S. NASSER,Sagheer A. ONAIZI. Effect of the degree of template removal from mesoporous silicate materials on their adsorption of heavy oil from aqueous solution. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2014, 8(4): 488-497.
Vinua A, Moria T, Ariga K. New families of mesoporous materials. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2006, 7(8): 753–771
2
Goncalves M C, Attard G S. Nanostructured mesoporous silica films. Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, 2003, 4: 147–164
3
Okiel K, El-Sayed M, El-Kady M Y. Treatment of oil-water emulsions by adsorption onto activated carbon, bentonite and deposited carbon. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2011, 20(2): 9–15
4
Twaiq F A, Nasser M S, Al-Ryiami S, Al-Ryiami H. Performance of mesoporous organosilicates on the adsorption of heavy oil from produced water. AIP Publishing, International Conference on Fundamental and Applied Sciences (ICFAS2012). 2012, 1482(1): 579–584
5
Sayari A, Hamoudi S, Yang Y. Applications of pore-expanded mesoporous silica. 1. Removal of heavy metal cations and organic pollutants from wastewater. Chemistry of Materials, 2005, 17(1): 212–216
6
Twaiq F A, Mohamed A R, Bhatia S. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels from palm oil by catalytic cracking over aluminosilicate mesoporous catalysts with various Si/Al ratios. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2003, 64(1): 95–107
7
Twaiq F A, Zabidi N A M, Mohamed A R, Bhatia S. Catalytic conversion of palm oil over mesoporous aluminosilicate MCM-41 for the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Fuel Processing Technology, 2003, 84(1): 105–120
8
Nooney R I, Thirunavukkarasu D, Chen Y, Josephs R, Ostafin A E. Synthesis of nanoscale mesoporous silica spheres with controlled particle size. Chemistry of Materials, 2002, 14(11): 4721–4728
9
Lin H P, Kao C P, Mou C Y, Liu S B. Counterion effect in acid synthesis of mesoporous silica materials. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, 104(33): 7885–7894
10
Naik S P, Elangovan S P, Okubo T, Sokolov I. Morphology control of mesoporous silica particles. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2007, 111(30): 11168–11173
11
Kleitz F. Ordered Mesoporous Materials: Template Removal, Frameworks and Morphology. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Germany: der Ruhr-Universit?t Bochum, 2002
12
Ariapad A, Zanjanchi M, Arvand M. Efficient removal of anionic surfactant using partial template-containing MCM-41. Desalination, 2012, 284: 142–149
13
Mou C, Lin H. Control of morphology in synthesizing mesoporous silica. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2000, 72(1-2): 137–146
14
Oliveira V V, Airoldi C. Assistant template and co-template agents in modeling mesoporous silicas and post-synthesizing organofunctionalizations. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2012, 196: 293–300
15
Huang Z, Xua L, Li J H, Kawi S, Goh A. Organic template removal from hexagonal mesoporous silica by means of methanol-enhanced CO2 extraction: Effect of temperature, pressure and flow rate. Separation and Purification Technology, 2011, 77(1): 112–119
16
Yang X, Guan Q, Li W. Effect of template in MCM-41 on the adsorption of aniline from aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92(11): 2939–2943
17
Zaleski R, Wawryszczuk J. Positron porosimetry studies of template removal from as-synthesized MCM-41 silica. Acta Physica Polonica, 2008, 113(5): 1543–1550
18
Jabariyan S, Zanjanchi M A. A simple and fast sonication procedure to remove surfactant templates from mesoporous MCM-41. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2012, 19(5): 1087–1093
19
Kecht J, Bein T. Oxidative removal of template molecules and organic functionalities in mesoporous silica nanoparticles by H2O2 treatment. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2008, 116(1-3): 123–130
20
Trewyn B G, Slowing I I, Giri S, Chen H T, Lin V S Y. Synthesis and functionalization of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle based on the sol-gel process and applications in controlled release. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2007, 40(9): 846–854
21
Cai H, Zhao D. A mild method to remove organic templates in periodic mesoporous organosilicas by the oxidation of perchlorates. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2009, 118(1-3): 513–517
22
Zhang J Y, Shi M F, Liu L, Deng Y. Room temperature ionic liquids as templates in the synthesis of mesoporous silica via a sol-gel method. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2009, 119(1-3): 97–103
23
Hoffmann F, Cornelius M, Morell J R, Fr-Ba M. Silica-based mesoporous organic inorganic hybrid materials. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2006, 45(20): 3216–3251
24
Johansson E M. Controlling the Pore Size and Morphology of Mesoporous Silica. Dissertation for the Doctoral Degree. Sweden: LiU-tryck Link?ping, 2010
25
Litschauer M, Puchberger M, Peterlik H, Neouze M. Anion metathesis in ionic silica nanoparticle networks. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010, 20(7): 1269–1276
26
Ward A J, Pujari A A, Costanzo L, Masters A F, Maschmeyer T. Ionic liquid-templated preparation of mesoporous silica embedded with nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2011, 6(1): 192–199
27
Park J W, Kim Y C, Yeon J J, Kim S D, Ha H Y, Kim W J. Effects of organo-functionalization and sulfonation of MCM-41 on the proton selectivities of MCM-41/Nafion composite membranes for DMFC. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2008, 114(1-3): 238–249
28
Jiang N, Jin H, Mo Y H, Prasetyanto E A, Park S E. Direct immobilization of ImCl ionic liquid onto the platelet type SBA-15. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2011, 141(1-3): 16–19
29
Boukoussa B, Hamacha R, Morsli A, Bengueddach A. Adsorption of yellow dye on calcined or uncalcined Al-MCM-41 mesoporous materials. Arabian Journal of Chemistry., 2013, (doi: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.07.049)
30
Masooleh M S, Bazgir S, Tamizifar M, Nemati A. Adsorption of petroleum hydrocarbons on organoclay. Journal of Applied Chemical Researches, 2010, 4(14): 19–25
31
Yang M. Measurement of oil in produced water. In: Lee K, Neff J, eds. Produced Water, Environmental Risks and Advances in Mitigation Technologies. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011, 57–88
32
Rouquerolt J, Avnir D, Fairbridge C W, Everett D H, Haynes J H, Pernicone N, Ramsay J D F, Sing K S W, Unger K K. Recommendations for the characterization of porous solids. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1994, 66(8): 1739–1758
33
Fu X, Chen X, Wanga J, Liu J. Fabrication of carboxylic functionalized superparamagnetic mesoporous silica microspheres and their application for removal basic dye pollutants from water. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2011, 139(1-3): 8–15
34
Hameed B H. Equilibrium and kinetic studies of methyl violet sorption by agricultural by product. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 154(1-3): 204–212
