Recent advances on metal-free graphene-based catalysts for the production of industrial chemicals
Zhiyong Wang1,2, Yuan Pu1,2, Dan Wang1,2(), Jie-Xin Wang1,2, Jian-Feng Chen1,2
1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China 2. Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
With the development of carbon catalysts, graphene-based metal-free catalysts have drawn increasing attention in both scientific research and in industrial chemical production processes. In recent years, the catalytic activities of metal-free catalysts have significantly improved and they have become promising alternatives to traditional metal-based catalysts. The use of metal-free catalysts greatly improves the sustainability of chemical processes. In view of this, the recent progress in the preparation of graphene-based metal-free catalysts along with their applications in catalytic oxidation, reduction and coupling reactions are summarized in this review. The future trends and challenges for the design of graphene-based materials for industrial organic catalytic reactions with good stabilities and high catalytic performance are also discussed.
. [J]. Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 2018, 12(4): 855-866.
Zhiyong Wang, Yuan Pu, Dan Wang, Jie-Xin Wang, Jian-Feng Chen. Recent advances on metal-free graphene-based catalysts for the production of industrial chemicals. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(4): 855-866.
Oxidativedehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene
50
0.025
673
30
65
97
[78]
SG
Oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde
10
8.7
373
7
13
70
[79]
GO
Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-diformylfuran
50
1
373
12
67.4
98.4
[14]
NG
Glucose oxidation to succinic acid
25
0.5
433
20
100
68
[82]
rGO
Oxidative thiophene desulfurization
5
0.32
413
6
100
?
[83]
Tab.1
Fig.7
Catalyst
Reaction system
Reaction conditions
Yield/%
Ref.
Cat. dosage/mg
Capacity/mmol
Reductant/mL
Time/min
rGO
Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene
10
4
2
240
94.2
[90]
NG
Reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol
0.137
5 × 10−4
2
21
100
[46]
NG
Reduction of 4-chloronitrobenzene
2
0.5
5
180
98
[91]
3D-NGF
Reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol
0.15
2 × 10−4
0.5
18
100
[86]
SG
Reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol
1
0.02
2
60
100
[85]
3D SNC-GA-1000
Reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol
3.572
0.002
3
7
100
[87]
Tab.2
Fig.8
Fig.9
Fig.10
Catalyst
Reaction system
Reaction conditions
Level
Ref.
Cat. dosage/mg
Capacity/mmol
Temp./K
Time/h
Conv./%
Select./%
GO
Alkylation of arenes
0.3
0.144
373
15
98
100
[92]
GO
C-H arylation of benzene
0.3
0.4
393
2
100
87.6
[93]
BNHG
Aerobic oxidative coupling of amines
30
1
358
4
91
99
[95]
PG
Aerobic oxidative coupling of amines
4.3
0.4
373
12
100
82
[96]
Multi-functional graphene oxide
Cycloaddition reaction
100
28.6
393
3
89.5
99.7
[97]
Amine modification of graphene oxide
Michael addition
0.21
0.48
353
2
100
90
[94]
Tab.3
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