Adsorptive polyethesulfone (PES) membranes were prepared by intercalation of powder activated carbon (PAC) with and without functionalization. Accordingly, PAC was aminated with 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane, and the physicochemical properties of the functionalized PAC were analyzed. Intercalation of PAC within the PES scaffold changed the porosity and mean pore size of the aminated membrane (AC-NH2) from 52.6% to 92.5% and from 22.6 nm to 3.5 nm, respectively. The effect of temperature on the performance of the modified membranes was monitored by the flux and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of leachate. At ambient temperature, the COD removal of the neat, AC-containing, and AC-NH2 membranes was 47%, 52%, and 58.5%, respectively. A similar increment was obtained for the membrane flux, which was due to the synergistic effect of the high porosity and large number of hydrophilic functional groups. The experimental leachate adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin- Radushkevich isotherm models. For all membranes, the significant thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG) were calculated and compared. The isosteric heat of adsorption was lower than 80 kJ∙mol−1, indicating that the interaction between the membranes and the leachate is mainly physical, involving weak van der Waals forces.
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S A Hashemifard, A F Ismail, T Matsuura. Mixed matrix membrane incorporated with large pore size halloysite nanotubes (HNT) as filler for gas separation: Experimental. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2011, 359(2): 359–370 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.03.077
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M Kumar, R Shevate, R Hilke, K V Peinemann. Novel adsorptive ultrafiltration membranes derived from polyvinyltetrazole-co-polyacrylonitrile for Cu(II) ions removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2016, 301: 306–314 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.006
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U Habiba, A M Afifi, A Salleh, B C Ang. Chitosan/(polyvinyl alcohol)/zeolite electrospun composite nanofibrous membrane for adsorption of Cr6+, Fe3+ and Ni2+. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 322: 182–194 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.028
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Y L Thuyavan, N Anantharaman, G Arthanareeswaran, A F Ismail. Adsorptive removal of humic acid by zirconia embedded in a poly(ether sulfone) membrane. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2014, 53(28): 11355–11364 https://doi.org/10.1021/ie5015712
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Y Gao, Y Qiao, S Yang. Fabrication of PAN/PHCS adsorptive UF membranes with enhanced performance for dichlorophenol removal from water. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2014, 131(19): 40837–40846 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.40837
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M M Khan, V Filiz, G Bengtson, S Shishatskiy, M M Rahman, J Lillepaerg, V Abetz. Enhanced gas permeability by fabricating mixed matrix membranes of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM). Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 436: 109–120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.02.032
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Y Orooji, M Faghih, A Razmjou, J Hou, P Moazzam, N Emami, M Aghababaie, F Nourisfa, V Chen, W Jin. Nanostructured mesoporous carbon polyethersulfone composite ultrafiltration membrane with significantly low protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. Carbon, 2017, 111: 689–704 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2016.10.055
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S S Madaeni, E Salehi. Adsorption-transport modeling of anions through PVD membrane in the presence of the screen phenomenon. Applied Surface Science, 2009, 255(6): 3523–3529 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.09.085
M Peyravi, A Rahimpour, M Jahanshahi. Developing nanocomposite PI membranes: Morphology and performance to glycerol removal at the downstream processing of biodiesel production. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 473: 72–84 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.009
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M Jahanshahi, M Peyravi, N Shafaei, H Mirani. Analysis of nanoporous membrane fouling relying on experimental observation and theoretical model for landfill leachate treatment. Water Science and Technology, 2016, 73(1): 1–12 https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.452
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A Zirehpour, A Rahimpour, M Jahanshahi, M Peyravi. Mixed matrix membrane application for olive oil wastewater treatment: Process optimization based on Taguchi design method. Journal of Environmental Management, 2014, 132: 113–120 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.10.028
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M Kilic, E Apaydin-Varol, A E Pütün. Adsorptive removal of phenol from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from tobacco residues: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 189(1-2): 397–403 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.02.051
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M T Yagub, T K Sen, S Afroze, H M Ang. Dye and its removal from aqueous solution by adsorption: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2014, 209: 172–184 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2014.04.002
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R I Yousef, B El-Eswed, H Ala’a. Adsorption characteristics of natural zeolites as solid adsorbents for phenol removal from aqueous solutions: Kinetics, mechanism, and thermodynamics studies. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 171(3): 1143–1149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.05.012
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H K Boparai, M Joseph, D M O’Carroll. Kinetics and thermodynamics of cadmium ion removal by adsorption onto nano zerovalent iron particles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 186(1): 458–465 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.029
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P S Kumar, S Ramalingam, C Senthamarai, M Niranjanaa, P Vijayalakshmi, S Sivanesan. Adsorption of dye from aqueous solution by cashew nut shell: Studies on equilibrium isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics of interactions. Desalination, 2010, 261(1-2): 52–60 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.032
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M S Yilmaz, O D Ozdemir, S Kasap, S Piskin. The kinetics and thermodynamics of nickel adsorption from galvanic sludge leachate on nanometer titania powders. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2015, 41(3): 1499–1515 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-013-1288-8
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S S Madaeni, E Salehi. Adsorption of cations on nanofiltration membrane: Separation mechanism, isotherm confirmation and thermodynamic analysis. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009, 150(1): 114–121 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.12.005
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A Heidari, H Younesi, A Rashidi, A Ghoreyshi. Adsorptive removal of CO2 on highly microporous activated carbons prepared from Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood: Effect of chemical activation. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2014, 45(2): 579–588 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.06.007
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A Barroso-Bogeat, M Alexandre-Franco, C Fernández-González, A Macías-García, V Gómez-Serrano. Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of activated carbons prepared from vine shoots by physical and chemical activation methods. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2015, 209: 90–98 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.07.023
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