Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) membranes prepared via thermally induced phase separation and application in direct contact membrane distillation
1. State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China 2. National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China 3. Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China 4. Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
A non-toxic and environmentally safe diluent, acetyl tributyl citrate, was employed to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene membranes via thermally induced phase separation. Effects of the polymer concentration on the phase diagram, membrane morphology, hydrophobicity, pore size, porosity and mechanical properties (tensile stress and elongation at break) were investigated. The results showed that the pore size and porosity tended to decrease with increasing polymer concentration, whereas the contact angle, liquid entry pressure and mechanical properties showed the opposite trend. In direct contact membrane distillation operation with 3.5 wt-% sodium chloride solution as the feed solution, the prepared membranes performed high salt rejection (>99.9%). Furthermore, the prepared membranes retained excellent performance in long-term stability tests regarding the permeate flux and salt rejection.
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