| 
							
      					 | 
  					 
  					
    					 | 
   					 
   										
    					Preparation of Cu/ZrO2 catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2/H2  | 
  					 
  					  										
						Xinmei LIU( ), Shaofen BAI, Huidong ZHUANG, Zifeng YAN | 
					 
															
						| State Key Laboratory for Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Catalysis (China National Petroleum Corporation), China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China | 
					 
										
						 | 
					 
				 
				
				
					
						
							
								
									
		
		 
          
          
            
              
				
								                
													
													    | 
													    	
														 | 
													 
													
													
													
														
															
													
													    | 
													     		                            						                            																	    Abstract  Cu/ZrO2 catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2/H2 were respectively prepared by deposition coprecipitation (DP) and solid state reaction (SR) methods. There is an intimate interaction between copper and zirconia, which strongly affects the reduction property and catalytic performance of the catalysts. The stronger the interaction, the lower the reduction temperature and the better the performance of the catalysts. Surface area, pore structure and crystal structure of the catalysts are mainly controlled by preparation methods and alkalinity of synthesis system. The conversion of CO2 and selectivity of methanol are higher for DP catalysts than for SP catalysts. 
																										     | 
														 
																												
												        														
															| Keywords 
																																																				Cu/ZrO2  
																		  																																				methanol synthesis  
																		  																																				deposition coprecipitation  
																		  																																				solid state reaction  
																		  																																				CO2/H2  
																																			  
															 | 
														 
																												
														 																											    														
															| 
																																Corresponding Author(s):
																LIU Xinmei,Email:lxmei@upc.edu.cn   
																													     		
													     	 | 
														 
																																										
															| 
																																																													Issue Date: 05 March 2012
																														 | 
														 
														 
                                                         | 
														 
														 
														
														
														
												 
												
												
                                                    
													
								             
                                             
            
					            
								            								            
								            								                                                        
								            
								                
																																												
															| 1 | 
															 
														     Toyir J, Saito M, Yamauchi I, Luo S, Wu J, Takahara I, Takeuchi M. Development of high performance Raney Cu-based catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2. Catalysis Today , 1998, 45(1–4): 245–250  doi: 10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00223-5
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 2 | 
															 
														     Inui T. Highly effective conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable compounds on composite catalysts. Catalysis Today , 1996, 29(1–4): 329–337  doi: 10.1016/0920-5861(95)00300-2
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 3 | 
															 
														     Denise B, Cherifi O, Bettahar M M, Sneeden R P. Supported copper catalysts prepared from copper(II) formate: hydrogenation of carbon dioxide containing feedstocks. Applied Catalysis , 1989, 48(2): 365–372  doi: 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)82805-5
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 4 | 
															 
														     Ma Y, Sun Q, Wu D, Fan W H, Zhang Y L, Deng J F. A practical approach for the preparation of high activity Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 catalyst for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. Applied Catalysis A, General , 1998, 171(1): 45–55  doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(98)00079-9
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 5 | 
															 
														     Fan G D, Feng C G, Zhang Z. Surface and texture properties of Tb-doped ceria-zirconia solid solution prepared by sol-gel method. Journal of Rare Earths , 2007, 25(1): 42–47  doi: 10.1016/S1002-0721(07)60042-8
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 6 | 
															 
														     Chary K V R, Seela K K, Naresh D, Ramakanth P. Characterization and reductive amination of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone over Cu/ZrO2 catalysts. Catalysis Communications , 2008, 9(1): 75–81  doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2007.05.016
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 7 | 
															 
														     Arena F, Barbera K, Italiano G, Bonura G, Spadaro L, Frusteri F. Synthesis, characterization and activity pattern of Cu-ZnO/ZrO2 catalysts in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol. Journal of Catalysis , 2007, 249(2): 185–194  doi: 10.1016/j.jcat.2007.04.003
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 8 | 
															 
														     Amenomiya Y. Methanol synthesis from CO2 + H2 II. Copper-based binary and ternary catalysts. Applied Catalysis , 1987, 30(1): 57–68  doi: 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)81011-8
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 9 | 
															 
														     Koeppel R A, Baiker A, Wokaun A. Copper/zirconia catalysts for the synthesis of methanol from carbon dioxide: influence of preparation variables on structural and catalytic properties of catalysts. Applied Catalysis A, General , 1992, 84(1): 77–102  doi: 10.1016/0166-9834(83)80239-5
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 10 | 
															 
														     Liu X M, Lu G D, Yan Z F. Nanocrystalline zirconia as catalyst support in methanol synthesis. Applied Catalysis A, General , 2005, 279(1–2): 241–245  doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2004.10.040
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 11 | 
															 
														     Nitta Y, Fujmatsu T, Okamoto Y. Effect of starting salt on catalytic behaviour of Cu-ZrO2 catalysts in methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide. Catalysis Letters , 1993, 17(1–2): 157–165  doi: 10.1007/BF00763938
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 12 | 
															 
														     Dehertog W J H, Fromen G F. A catalytic route for aromatics production from LPG. Applied Catalysis A, General , 1999, 189(1): 63–75 
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 13 | 
															 
														     Liu X M, Yan Z F, Lu G Q. Solid-state synthesis and characterisation of mesoporous zirconia with lamellar and wormhole-like mesostructures. Journal of Porous Materials , 2008, 15(2): 237–244  doi: 10.1007/s10934-007-9126-2
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 14 | 
															 
														     águila G, Guerrero S, Araya P. Influence of the crystalline structure of ZrO2 on the activity of Cu/ZrO2 catalysts on the water gas shift reaction. Catalysis Communications , 2008, 9(15): 2550–2554  doi: 10.1016/j.catcom.2008.07.011
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 15 | 
															 
														     Arena F, Italiano G, Barbera K, Bordiga S, Bonura G, Spadaro L, Frusteri F. Solid-state interactions, adsorption sites and functionality of Cu-ZnO/ZrO2 catalysts in the CO2 hydrogenation to CH3OH. Applied Catalysis A, General , 2008, 350(1): 16–23  doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2008.07.028
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 16 | 
															 
														     Liu Y, Hu Z S, Zhong R. TPR study of CuO/ZrO2 catalysts for methanol synthesis. Chinese Journal of Catalysis , 1996, 17: 256–259  (in Chinese)
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 17 | 
															 
														     Fujitani T, Nakamura J. The chemical modification seen in the Cu/ZnO methanol synthesis catalysts. Applied Catalysis A, General , 2000, 191(1–2): 111–129  doi: 10.1016/S0926-860X(99)00313-0
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 18 | 
															 
														     Burch R, Chappell R J. Support and additive effects in the synthesis of methanol over copper catalysts. Applied Catalysis A, General , 1988, 45(1): 131–150  doi: 10.1016/S0166-9834(00)82398-2
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 19 | 
															 
														     Xu R, Wei W, Dong Q N. In-situ diffuse reflectance FTIR study of CO adsorption on iron-modified Cu-Mn/ZrO2. Catalysts Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis , 2003, 23: 1093–1096  (in Chinese)
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 20 | 
															 
														     Su W G, Ying P L, Feng Z C, Li C. FTIR spectroscopy study on quantum size effect of CuOx nanoparticles in CuOx/SiO2. Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities , 2010, 31: 1014–1018  (in Chinese)
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 21 | 
															 
														     Suh Y W, Moon S H, Rhee H K. Active sites in Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO/H2. Catalysis Today , 2000, 63(2–4): 447–452  doi: 10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00490-9
														     															 | 
																  
																														
															| 22 | 
															 
														     Fu S S, Somorjai G A. Interactions of O2, CO, CO2, and D2 with the stepped CU(311) crystal face: comparison to CU(110). Surface Science , 1992, 262(1–2): 68–76  doi: 10.1016/0039-6028(92)90460-N
														     															 | 
																  
																																										 
								             
                                             
								                                                        
                                            
                                            
								                                                        
                                            
                                            
                                            
								            
												
											    	
											        	 | 
											        	Viewed | 
											         
													
											        	 | 
											        	 | 
											         
											      	
												         | 
												        
												        	Full text 
												          	
												         | 
											        	
												        	
												        	 
												        	
												          	 
												          	
												          	
														 | 
													 
													
												         | 
												         | 
													 
													
												         | 
												        
												        	Abstract 
												          	
														 | 
												        
															
															 
															
															
												         | 
													 
													
												         | 
												         | 
													 
													
												         | 
												        Cited  | 
												        
												        	
												         | 
													 
													
												         | 
												         | 
												         | 
													 
													
													    |   | 
													    Shared | 
													       | 
												  	 
												  	
													     | 
													     | 
													     | 
											  		 
											  		
													    |   | 
													    Discussed | 
													       | 
												  	 
											 
											 
								         
                                        
  
									 | 
								 
							 
						 | 
					 
				 
			
		 |