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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-0179

ISSN 2095-0187(Online)

CN 11-5981/TQ

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Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.    2017, Vol. 11 Issue (3) : 353-362    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-017-1656-9
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Characterization of landfilled stainless steel slags in view of metal recovery
Xuan Wang1,2, Daneel Geysen3, Tom Van Gerven2, Peter T. Jones1, Bart Blanpain1, Muxing Guo1()
1. Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
2. Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
3. Department of Research and Development, Group Machiels, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Abstract

The slag samples taken from landfill, which originated from different metallurgical processes, have been characterized in this study. The slags were categorized as electric arc furnace (EAF) slag, argon oxygen decarburization/metal refining process slag and vacuum oxygen decarburization slag based on chromium content and basicity. EAF slags have higher potential in metal recovery than the other two slags due to its higher iron and chromium contents. The size of the iron-chromium-nickel alloy particles varies from a few µm up to several cm. The recoveries of large metal particles and metal-spinel aggregates have potential to make the metal recovery from landfilled slags economically viable.
Keywords landfilled stainless steel slag      metal recovery      characterization     
Corresponding Author(s): Muxing Guo   
Just Accepted Date: 14 April 2017   Online First Date: 10 July 2017    Issue Date: 23 August 2017
 Cite this article:   
Xuan Wang,Daneel Geysen,Tom Van Gerven, et al. Characterization of landfilled stainless steel slags in view of metal recovery[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(3): 353-362.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-017-1656-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2017/V11/I3/353
Fig.1  (a) Sampling operation on slag heap; (b) cross section of slag heap
SlagDescription
“ALZ” bucket
A aggregate“A aggregate” is composed of a yellowish slag and a black slag. Large pieces (up to several cm) of metal can be observed.
A black“A black” is a dense hard solid slag. White dots can be observed in the black slag matrix. Small pores can be found in the slag, but not in vast amounts.
“STAAL2” bucket
S aggregate“S aggregate” appears to be a yellowish porous solid material with loose bonding structure.
S black“S black” is a porous black solid slag. Small metal particles can be observed visually on the surface when it was crushed.
Green“Green” is a dense hard slag, which gives a greenish color.
YellowSlag “Yellow” is a solid that contains large pores. The surface of the slag is in a yellowish color.
HybridSlag “Hybrid” is an aggregate of two types of slags, which appear in black and yellow respectively.
Tab.1  Categories and concise descriptions of slags
LocationCaOSiO2MgOAl2O3Cr2O3Fe2O3MnOBasicity
148.329.45.55.36.51.71.91.6
237.841.14.54.95.82.61.60.9
347.230.95.56.94.41.91.21.5
447.731.27.26.93.30.71.71.5
546.732.96.73.66.41.01.61.5
Tab.2  Overall chemical composition of slag samples from different locations (wt-%)
SlagCaOSiO2MgOAl2O3Cr2O3Fe2O3MnOBasicityPresumed slag type
A aggregate46.528.07.44.38.02.71.71.7EAF
S aggregate44.830.15.76.17.52.61.71.5EAF
S black35.121.04.53.919.48.92.51.7EAF
Green48.826.29.16.95.80.71.11.9EAF
Yellow44.529.05.97.16.82.11.71.5EAF
Hybrid51.326.78.29.12.30.60.51.9AOD/MRP
A black40.637.37.96.82.30.33.21.1VOD
Tab.3  Overall chemical composition of slag samples (wt-%)
MineralChemical formulaA aggregateS aggregateS blackGreenYellowHybridA black
C2S betaCa2SiO421.623.244.565.543.743.2<1.0
C2S gammaCa2SiO49.63.85.03.98.3<1.0<1.0
MagnesiochromiteMgCr2O412.77.216.94.96.71.61.6
QuartzSiO21.31.41.2<1.05.1<1.01.5
GehleniteCa2Al2SiO76.220.72.0<1.01.61.448.9
BredigiteCa7MgSi4O168.64.83.95.74.427.7<1.0
MagnesiteMgCO33.72.52.9<1.02.55.0<1.0
MerwiniteCa3MgSi2O810.33.72.7<1.04.42.1<1.0
CalciteCaCO31.35.11.52.33.3<1.0<1.0
CuspidineCa4F2Si2O712.58.84.43.44.56.119.2
AkermaniteCa2MgSi2O73.23.7<1.02.0<1.0<1.015.3
Iron carbideFe5C22.12.93.44.24.22.04.3
MagnetiteFe3O4<1.0<1.02.01.71.52.11.7
Calcium chromateCaCr2O4<1.02.82.1<1.02.91.74.2
WollastoniteCaSiO34.27.74.81.93.73.4<1.0
Tab.4  Mineralogical composition of various slag samples (wt-%)
Fig.9  Slag “A aggregate”: (a) overall microstructure; (b) detailed microstructure of metal lean part; (c) detailed microstructure of metal rich part. 1: merwinite; 2&5: Cr spinel; 3: C2S; 4: pores; 6: bredigite; 7: Fe-Cr-Ni alloy
Fig.10  Slag “S aggregate”: (a) overall microstructure; (b) detailed microstructure. 1: bredigite; 2: C2S; 3: Fe-Cr-Ni alloy; 4: Cr spinel; 5: periclase
Fig.11  Slag “S black”: (a) overall microstructure; (b) detailed microstructure. 1: Fe-Cr-Ni alloy; 2: C2S; 3: Cr spinel
Fig.12  Slag “Green”: (a) overall microstructure; (b) detailed microstructure. 1: Cr spinel; 2: C2S; 3: periclase; 4: Fe-Cr-Ni alloy; 5: bredigite
Fig.13  Slag “Yellow”: (a) overall microstructure; (b) detailed microstructure. 1: C2S; 2: Cr spinel; 3: merwinite; 4: magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4)
Fig.14  Slag “Hybrid”: (a) overall microstructure of H-black slag; (b) detailed microstructure of H-black slag; (c) overall microstructure of H-yellow slag; (d) detailed microstructure of H-yellow slag. 1&5: periclase; 2: bredigite; 3: Cr spinel; 4&8: C2S; 6: cuspidine; 7: Fe-Cr-Ni alloy
Fig.15  Slag “A black”: (a) overall microstructure; (b) detailed microstructure. 1: cuspidine; 2: Cr spinel; 3: akermanite; 4: gehlenite
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