Phosphorene: Current status, challenges and opportunities

doi:10.1007/s11705-018-1783-y

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (2) : 296-309 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-018-1783-y

REVIEW ARTICLE

Phosphorene: Current status, challenges and opportunities

Anandarup Goswami¹, Manoj B. Gawande²(

)

¹. Division of Chemistry, Department of Sciences and Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (VFSTR), Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
². Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, ?lechtitel? 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic

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Abstract

The field of 2-dimensional (2D) materials has witnessed a sharp growth since its inception and can majorly be attributed to the substantial technical and scientific developments, leading to significant improvements in their syntheses, characterization and applications. In the list of 2D materials, the relatively newer addition is phosphorene, which ideally consists of a single layer of black phosphorous. Keeping in mind the past, and ongoing research activities, this short account offers a brief overview of the present status and the associated challenges in the field of phosphorene-related research, with special emphasis on their syntheses, properties, applications and future opportunities.

Keywords phosphorene black phosphorous anisotropy single layer thermoelectric chemical vapor deposition catalysis battery supercapacitor

Corresponding Author(s): Manoj B. Gawande

Online First Date: 28 February 2019 Issue Date: 22 May 2019

Cite this article:

Anandarup Goswami,Manoj B. Gawande. Phosphorene: Current status, challenges and opportunities[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(2): 296-309.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-018-1783-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2019/V13/I2/296

Fig.1 (a) Comparison of the 2D materials in terms of number of published articles during a decade (The vertical axis is in log scale. Key words: graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, phosphorene, mxenes, MoS₂ or WS₂ or MoSe₂ or WSe₂ or MoTe₂, silicene or germanene; Search engine: Google Scholar); (b) Crystal structure of phosphorene (side and top view); (c) Structures of three predicted polymorphs of phosphorene; (d) Crystal structures of monolayer of MoS₂ (left) and graphene (right). Images c adapted with permission from the ref. [¹⁵] Copyright 2015 Nature Publishing Group, and the ref. [¹⁶]. Copyright 2015 American Chemical Society

Fig.2 Phosphorene: (a) Crystal structure, (b) electronic band structure, (c) AFM image, HR-TEM of (d) side view and (g) top view, (e) electron energy loss spectroscopy spectrum, (f) side view and top view of atomic structure, (h) SAED, (i) optical micrograph, and (j) Raman spectra. (a) Reproduced with permission from the ref. [²⁵], Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. (b) Reproduced with permission from Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. (c) Reproduced with permission from the ref. [¹⁴], Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. (d) Reproduced with permission from the ref. [²¹], Copyright 2015, AIP Publishing LLC. (e–h) Reproduced with permission from the ref. [²⁰], Copyright 2016, IOP Science. (i) Reproduced with permission from the ref. [²⁶], Copyright 2017, Macmillan Publishers limited. (j) Reproduced with permission from the ref. [²⁷], Copyright 2015, Macmillan Publishers limited

Fig.3 Common synthetic methods for the preparation of phosphorene

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