Morphology selective construction of β-cyclodextrin functionalized Fe3O4-Bi2WO6 nanocomposite with superior adsorptivity and visible-light-driven catalytic activity

doi:10.1007/s11705-019-1808-1

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (4) : 561-578 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-019-1808-1

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Morphology selective construction of β-cyclodextrin functionalized Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposite with superior adsorptivity and visible-light-driven catalytic activity

Maher Darwish^1,², Ali Mohammadi^1,³(

), Navid Assi¹, Samer Abuzerr⁴, Youssef Alahmad⁵

¹. Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
². Department of Pharmacy, Al-Safwa University College, Karbala, Iraq
³. Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
⁴. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
⁵. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Albaath University, Homs, Syria

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Abstract

Controlled growth of Bi₂WO₆ nanorods with exposed [0 0 1] facets and the fabrication of an Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆ magnetic composite by a microwave-assisted polyol process, were achieved in this study. The adsorptivity and photocatalytic performance of the composite toward sunset yellow dye degradation were greatly enhanced by the β-cyclodextrin cavities on its surface, firmly anchored through a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide linkage. A series of examinations and characterizations were carried out to determine the influence of various factors on the morphological modulation-photocatalytic behavior of the pure Bi₂WO₆ prior to final functionalization. Changing the pH of the precursor solution impacted the formation of 0D, 2D, and 3D structures; however, the presence of hexamethylenetetramine surfactant induced the development of 1D nanorod structure. A reasonable crystal growth mechanism was proposed to elucidate the formation process. Conversely, the mechanism of the activity enhancement of β-cyclodextrin functionalized Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆, compared to that of the non-functionalized samples, could be realized with the assistance of chemical trapping experiments on sunset yellow, and was confirmed on the colorless antibiotic (sulfamethoxazole). The high performance and durability of this composite can be attributed to the facet-dependent activity, large adsorption capacity due to inclusion interactions, enhanced visible light absorption, and efficient charge separation.

Keywords β-cyclodextrin Bi₂WO₆ shape controlled nanorod sunset yellow

Corresponding Author(s): Ali Mohammadi

Just Accepted Date: 06 May 2019 Online First Date: 26 June 2019 Issue Date: 22 May 2020

Cite this article:

Maher Darwish,Ali Mohammadi,Navid Assi, et al. Morphology selective construction of β-cyclodextrin functionalized Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆ nanocomposite with superior adsorptivity and visible-light-driven catalytic activity[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(4): 561-578.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-019-1808-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2020/V14/I4/561

Fig.1 XRD diffraction patterns of the as-prepared photocatalysts. (1) Bi₂WO₆ (pH= 1); (2) Bi₂WO₆ (pH= 1, HMT); (3) Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆ (pH= 1); (4) Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆ (pH= 1, HMT); (5) b-CD functionalized Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆; (6) pure Fe₃O₄

Fig.2 SEM images of the as-prepared photocatalysts. (a) Bi₂WO₆ (pH= 1); (b) Bi₂WO₆ (pH= 3.5); (c) Bi₂WO₆ (pH= 7); (d) Fe₃O₄-Bi₂WO₆ (pH= 1); (e) BWO (pH= 1, HMT); (f) F-BWO (pH= 1, HMT); (g) CD-F-BWO

Fig.3 HRTEM images of CD-F-BWO. (a and b) Low magnification images; (inset of a) High magnification image

Tab.1 The elemental composition of CD-F-BWO determined by EDS

Fig.4 FTIR spectra of b-CD, BWO, F-BWO, and CD-F-BWO

Fig.5 Survey XPS spectrum of CD-F-BWO and high-resolution XPS spectra of Bi_4f, W_4f, O_1s, and Fe_2p

Fig.6 N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves (inset) of F-BWO and CD-F-BWO

Tab.2 BET surface area, total pore volume and pore size diameter of CD-F-BWO compared with F-BWO

Fig.7 UV-Vis spectra of BWO, F-BWO, and CD-F-BWO

Fig.8 Magnetization hysteresis curves of Fe₃O₄, F-BWO, and CD-F-BWO recorded at room temperature

Fig.9 Scheme 1 Schematic illustration of the possible formation mechanism of Bi₂WO₆ nanodiscs, nanorods, and the functionalized nanorods

Fig.10 Effect of synthesis conditions on the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of SY under visible light for 90 min (50 mL of 10 mg?L^?¹ SY with 10 mg catalyst)

Fig.11 Time-dependent SY adsorption on BWO, F-BWO, and CD-F-BWO at 4 different concentrations (16, 32, 50, and 65 mg?L^?¹)

Fig.12 Scheme 2 Schematic of the chemical interactions between SY ions and CD-F-BWO

Fig.13 (a) Changes in SY concentrations as a function of irradiation time using BWO, F-BWO, and CD-F-BWO; (b) Pseudo-first order kinetic plot of the photocatalytic reaction with calculated rate constants; (c) Effect of scavengers on the photocatalytic degradation percentages of SY over CD-F-BWO (control experiments)

Fig.14 Scheme 3 Mechanism of SY photocatalytic degradation on CD-F-BWO under visible light

Fig.15 Photocatalytic degradation of (a,b,c) SMX, (d) RhB and (e) phenol by pure BWO, F-BWO, and CD-F-BWO composite

Fig.16 (a) Recycling tests for SY degradation by CD-F-BWO under visible light; (b) XRD patterns and (c) FTIR spectra of CD-F-BWO before and after 5 cycles

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