Efficient elimination of environmental pollutants through sorption-reduction and photocatalytic degradation using nanomaterials

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-1923-z

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (6) : 1124-1135 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-1923-z

REVIEW ARTICLE

Efficient elimination of environmental pollutants through sorption-reduction and photocatalytic degradation using nanomaterials

Njud S. Alharbi¹, Baowei Hu²(

), Tasawar Hayat^1,³, Samar Omar Rabah¹, Ahmed Alsaedi¹, Li Zhuang⁴, Xiangke Wang^1,⁵(

)

¹. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
². School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
³. Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
⁴. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
⁵. State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China

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Abstract

With the rapid development of industrial, large amounts of different inorganic and organic pollutants are released into the natural environments. The efficient elimination of environmental pollutants, i.e., photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants into nontoxic organic/inorganic chemicals, in-situ solidification or sorption-reduction of heavy metal ions, is crucial to protect the environment. Nanomaterials with large surface area, active sites and abundant functional groups could form strong surface complexes with different kinds of pollutants and thereby could efficiently eliminate the pollutants from the aqueous solutions. In this review, we mainly focused on the recent works about the synthesis of nanomaterials and their applications in the efficient elimination of different organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater and discussed the interaction mechanism from batch experimental results, the advanced spectroscopy techniques and theoretical calculations. The adsorption and the photocatalytic reduction of organic pollutants and the sorption/reduction of heavy metal ions are generally considered as the main methods to decrease the concentration of pollutants in the natural environment. This review highlights a new way for the real applications of novel nanomaterials in environmental pollution management, especially for the undergraduate students to understand the recent works in the elimination of different kinds of inorganic and organic chemicals in the natural environmental pollution management.

Keywords nanomaterials sorption-reduction photocatalytic degradation organic pollutants heavy metal ions

Corresponding Author(s): Baowei Hu,Xiangke Wang

Just Accepted Date: 09 March 2020 Online First Date: 09 April 2020 Issue Date: 11 September 2020

Cite this article:

Njud S. Alharbi,Baowei Hu,Tasawar Hayat, et al. Efficient elimination of environmental pollutants through sorption-reduction and photocatalytic degradation using nanomaterials[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(6): 1124-1135.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-1923-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2020/V14/I6/1124

Tab.1 Summary of the advantages and disadvantages of different methods in the elimination of pollutants

Tab.2 Summary of the advantages and disadvantages of different nanomaterials

Fig.1 (a) Hydrated intercalation activation and fast calcination strategy of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene for U(VI) sorption and encapsulation [⁸³] (reprinted with permission from RSC); (b, c) U L₃ edge XANES spectra and the Fourier transforms of k³-weighted EXAFS spectra of U-loaded MXene samples [⁶²,⁸⁴] (reprinted with permission from ACS, copyright 2018).

Fig.2 (a) XANES spectra, and (b) EXAFS spectra of reference samples and reacted samples of Se(IV) on CNT, nZVI and nZVI/CNT samples [⁶⁷] (reprinted with permission from Elsevier).

Fig.3 (a) The photocatalytic degradation of BPA on C₃N₄ and DMCN; (b) the proposed mechanism schematic for the separation and transfer of charge carriers in BPA degradation by DMCN under visible light irradiation [⁸²] (reprinted with permission from RSC).

Fig.4 (a) The active sites of BPA for OPCN attacks. DFT calculated structures of reactants, intermediates and transition state for the degradation of BPA attacked by OPCN catalysts with (b) N atoms or (c) doped O atoms as reactive sites (white, red, gray and blue balls represented H, O, C and N elements, respectively) [²⁹] (reprinted with permission from Elsevier).

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