Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon derived from sodium alginate enhanced capacitive deionization for water purification

doi:10.1007/s11705-023-2346-4

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (12) : 2014-2024 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-023-2346-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon derived from sodium alginate enhanced capacitive deionization for water purification

Xiao Yong¹, Pengfei Sha¹, Jinghui Peng¹, Mengdi Liu¹, Qian Zhang¹, Jianhua Yu¹(

), Liyan Yu¹(

), Lifeng Dong^1,²(

)

¹. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
². Department of Physics, Hamline University, Saint Paul, MN 55104, USA

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Abstract

Capacitive deionization can alleviate water shortage and water environmental pollution, but performances are greatly determined by the electrochemical and desalination properties of its electrode materials. In this work, B and N co-doped porous carbon with micro-mesoporous structures is derived from sodium alginate by a carbonization, activation, and hydrothermal doping process, which exhibits large specific surface area (2587 m²·g^‒1) and high specific capacitance (190.7 F·g^‒1) for adsorption of salt ions and heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the materials provide a desalination capacity of 26.9 mg·g⁻¹ at 1.2 V in 500 mg·L^‒1 NaCl solution as well as a high removal capacity (239.6 mg·g^‒1) and adsorption rate (7.99 mg·g^‒1·min^‒1) for Pb²⁺ with an excellent cycle stability. This work can pave the way to design low-cost porous carbon with high-performances for removal of salt ions and heavy metal ions.

Keywords capacitance deionization porous carbon B/N co-doping heavy metal ions water purification

Corresponding Author(s): Jianhua Yu,Liyan Yu,Lifeng Dong

Just Accepted Date: 11 July 2023 Online First Date: 04 September 2023 Issue Date: 30 November 2023

Cite this article:

Xiao Yong,Pengfei Sha,Jinghui Peng, et al. Boron and nitrogen co-doped porous carbon derived from sodium alginate enhanced capacitive deionization for water purification[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(12): 2014-2024.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-023-2346-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2023/V17/I12/2014

Fig.1 Scheme of the preparation process of SABN.

Fig.2 SEM images of (a) SA, (b) SAB, and (c) SABN; (d) the SEM image of SABN and corresponding C, N, and B elemental mapping.

Fig.3 (a) XRD patterns, (b) Raman spectra, (c) N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, and (d) water contact angles of three samples.

Fig.4 (a) CV curves at 10 mV·s^?1, (b) specific capacitances at different scanning rates, (c) the diagrams of current density versus scanning rate during charging, and (d) Nyquist plots for SA, SAB, and SABN.

Fig.5 (a) Electrosorption performances in NaCl solution with an initial concentration of 500 mg?L^?1 at 1.2 V, (b) variations of desalination capacity, (c) desalination capacities and desalination rates, and (d) CDI Ragone plots of electrodes.

Tab.1 Comparison between SABN and other carbon electrodes for Pb²⁺

Fig.6 (a) Variations of desalination capacity in PbCl₂ solution with an initial concentration of 500 mg?L^?1, (b) CDI cycling performances, (c) first-order adsorption kinetic analysis, and (d) second-order adsorption kinetic analysis of SABN.

Fig.7 XPS spectra of (a) Pb 4f and (b) N 1s before and after the adsorption of Pb²⁺.

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