A strategy to synthesize phosphorus-containing nickel phyllosilicate whiskers to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy composites with excellent mechanical and dry-friction properties

doi:10.1007/s11705-024-2391-7

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (3) : 28 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-024-2391-7

A strategy to synthesize phosphorus-containing nickel phyllosilicate whiskers to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy composites with excellent mechanical and dry-friction properties

Shibin Nie^1,^2,⁴(

), Zongquan Zhao², Yuxuan Xu²(

), Wei He², Wenli Zhai², Jinian Yang³

¹. School of Public Security and Emergency Management, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Hefei 231131, China
². School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
³. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
⁴. Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230000, China

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Abstract

To enhance the fire safety and wear resistance of epoxy, phosphorus-containing nickel phyllosilicate whiskers (FP-NiPS) were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal technology, with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene as the organic modifier. The impacts of FP-NiPS on the thermal stability, flame retardancy, and mechanical and tribological properties of EP composites were explored. The findings demonstrated that 5 wt % FP-NiPS elevated the limiting oxygen index of the EP composite from 23.8% to 28.4%, achieving a V-0 rating during vertical burning tests. FP-NiPS could enhance the thermal stability of epoxy resin (EP) and facilitate the development of a dense and continuous carbon layer, thereby significantly improving the fire safety of the EP composites. The FP-NiPS led to an 8.2% increase in the tensile strength and a 38.8% increase in the elastic modulus of the EP composite, showing outstanding mechanical properties. Furthermore, FP-NiPS showed remarkable potential in enhancing the wear resistance of EP. The wear rate of 1 wt % FP-NiPS is 2.34 × 10⁻⁵ mm³·N^–1·m^–1, a decrease of 66.7% compared to EP. This work provides a novel promising modification method to enhance the fire safety, mechanical and wear resistance properties of EP.

Keywords nickel phyllosilicate epoxy resin flame retardant wear resistance mechanical property

Corresponding Author(s): Shibin Nie,Yuxuan Xu

Just Accepted Date: 12 December 2023 Issue Date: 06 February 2024

Cite this article:

Shibin Nie,Zongquan Zhao,Yuxuan Xu, et al. A strategy to synthesize phosphorus-containing nickel phyllosilicate whiskers to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy composites with excellent mechanical and dry-friction properties[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(3): 28.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-024-2391-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2024/V18/I3/28

Scheme1 Schematic illustration depicting the process for preparing EP/FP-NiPS composites.

Fig.1 (a) XRD pattern of FP-NiPS, (b) FTIR spectra of FP-NiPS, GPTMS-g-DOPO and DOPO, (c, d) SEM morphology, (e, f) TEM morphology, (g) dark field image and corresponding elemental mapping, and (h) EDS energy spectra of FP-NiPS.

Tab.1 Thermal stability of EP and its composites under ambient air conditions

Fig.2 (a) TGA and (b) DTG thermograms for EP and its composites under ambient air conditions.

Fig.3 (a) TGA and (b) DTG thermograms for EP and its composites under N₂ conditions.

Tab.2 Thermal stability of EP and its composites under N₂ conditions

Tab.3 The results of UL-94 and LOI for EP and its composites

Fig.4 (a–c) Digital images of the samples taken during the initial ignition process; SEM images of the residual coke: (d) EP, (e) EP/FP-NiPS3, and (f) EP/FP-NiPS5.

Fig.5 (a) FTIR spectra of vapor phase products of EP and EP/FP-NiPS5 at peak decomposition; (b–e) absorbance pyrolysis products of EP and EP/FP-NiPS5 vs. time.

Fig.6 SEM images of the fractured surfaces: (a) EP, (b) EP/FP-NiPS1, (c) EP/FP-NiPS3 and (d) EP/ FP-NiPS5.

Fig.7 (a, b) Tensile test parameters, (c) friction coefficient curves and (d) wear rate for EP and its composites.

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