This paper analyzes rural revitalization under the goal of common prosperity. Firstly, on the basis of making clear what common prosperity is in the new era along with its connotation, the connotation of rural revitalization under the goal of common prosperity is systematically delved into six dimensions: subject, motivation, content, path, process, and goal. Secondly, the intrinsic relationship between common prosperity and rural revitalization is examined from the perspectives of rural revitalization, common prosperity, and development. Thirdly, grounded on theoretical analysis, this paper outlines strategic key points for rural revitalization under the goal of common prosperity upon applying designing principles to practice.