Please wait a minute...
Shopping Cart Email List Chinese
Advanced Search Fig/Tab
Frontiers of Engineering Management

ISSN 2095-7513

ISSN 2096-0255(Online)

CN 10-1205/N

Postal Subscription Code 80-905

Featured Articles  |  Most Downloaded  |  Most Reading
Online Submission Subscribe to Our RSS Content Feed
Front. Eng    2020, Vol. 7 Issue (2) : 182-195    https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-019-0034-3
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Corporate governance impact on banking risk
Mahdi JEMMALI1(), Bassem SALHI2
1. Department of Computer Science and Information, College of Science at Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Department of Computer Science, Higher Institute of Computer Science and Mathematics of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
2. Department of Accounting, College of Business Administration, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
 Download: PDF(535 KB)   HTML
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract

This study aims to determine the relationship between several factors of governance and the level of risk in 10 Tunisian banks during an analysis period of eight years. We propose an important empirical question and examine the internal mechanisms of governance aimed at reducing financial risks. This estimation is based on a model with a single equation that examines variables relative to governance and credit risk to determine their impact on banking financials. Results demonstrate that the internal mechanisms of governance present diverging effects on the financial risk of the Tunisian banks in our case study (i.e., credit risk). Moreover, making applications work by putting together a process and model for banking risk is important. This model can be applied in any bank, and the results can be used to make decisions in real time.
Keywords bank governance      banking risk      process decision      modeling      architecture     
Corresponding Author(s): Mahdi JEMMALI   
Just Accepted Date: 24 April 2019   Online First Date: 18 June 2019    Issue Date: 27 May 2020
 Cite this article:   
Mahdi JEMMALI,Bassem SALHI. Corporate governance impact on banking risk[J]. Front. Eng, 2020, 7(2): 182-195.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/10.1007/s42524-019-0034-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/Y2020/V7/I2/182
Fig.1  Variation of C between 2002 and 2012.
Fig.2  Evaluation function for variable C.
Fig.3  Trusting interval.
Variables Y1 Y2 Y3
α 69.94585
(1.083473)		 −2.556103
(−4.265473)		 9.423792)
(2.280047)
C −0.234045
(−2.220154)		 0.000590
(0.331404)		 0.012095
(0.984907)
P I −0.153396
(−0.760449)		 0.001646
(0.879028)		 3.047509
(2.039424)
P E −0.199973
(−2.197709)		 0.000965
(0.622772)		 −0.003969
(−0.371303)
P −0.111681
(−0.769758)		 0.001107
(3.821606)		 −0.004986
(−0.536751)
T −1.023996
(−1.054921)		 0.020733
(2.300960)		 0.034649
(0.557538)
A −51.03836
(−3.828917)		 −0.094628
(−0.764773)		 0.344336
(0.403481)
A I 12.72056
(0.503413)		 0.343575
(2.464778)		 −0.840338
(−0.519439)
D 1.376378
(0.244547)		 0.172884
(3.309116)		 −0.036064
(−0.100082)
R 2 0.460311 0.626092 0.330560
Observations 80 80 80
Tab.1  Regression results (NB: robust statistics; Student (t) are shown in brackets)
Risk description B R
Good bank trusting [0–15]
Bank that we can trust [16–25]
Bank that has a little bit of risk [26–35]
Bank that is uncertain to fail [36–45]
Bank with risk to fail [45–60]
Bank that can fail [61–70]
Bank with failure assumption [71–80]
Failed bank [81–100]
Tab.2  Banking risk range
Bank Year C PI PE P T A AI D
BT 2006 18.11 45.26 0 45.26 17 0.41 0.18 1
Tab.3  Values of independent variables for TB in 2006
Fig.4  Process decision.
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
BT 2002 2.70 3.13 3.03 0.00 5.29 4.07 2.75 10.00 −32.36 54.34 10.02 −28.04 37.58 18.33 9.29
2003 0.85 5.23 3.68 0.03 10.00 3.58 3.00 0.00 −36.61 34.88 15.47 −31.72 24.12 28.28 6.89
2004 3.17 5.07 1.44 6.74 8.82 5.80 1.75 10.00 −47.32 85.30 14.57 −41.00 58.99 26.63 14.87
2005 4.93 4.94 0.03 7.21 5.88 6.17 5.00 10.00 −45.10 87.64 13.18 −39.08 60.61 24.09 15.20
2006 2.73 4.54 0.00 6.64 10.00 5.06 4.50 10.00 −39.75 93.43 12.62 −34.45 64.61 23.06 17.74
2007 2.91 4.43 3.54 1.62 5.29 2.72 2.75 10.00 −30.96 63.06 11.27 −26.83 43.61 20.61 12.46
2008 2.97 4.43 2.98 0.00 4.12 1.73 7.00 10.00 −21.52 65.07 9.18 −18.65 45.00 16.78 14.38
2009 2.97 4.43 2.98 0.00 4.12 1.73 7.00 10.00 −21.52 65.07 9.18 −18.65 45.00 16.78 14.38
2010 3.02 4.57 2.80 0.00 3.53 2.10 7.00 10.00 −22.13 63.46 9.41 −19.17 43.89 17.20 13.97
2011 3.02 4.54 2.97 0.00 3.53 2.10 7.00 10.00 −22.48 63.54 9.29 −19.48 43.94 16.99 13.82
2012 3.02 4.88 3.01 0.00 4.71 1.54 7.00 10.00 −21.95 66.99 10.39 −19.02 46.33 19.00 15.44
Tab.4  “BT” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
BIAT 2002 3.78 8.06 6.80 2.89 5.88 8.64 10.00 10.00 −63.38 88.06 16.60 −54.93 60.90 30.36 12.11
2003 7.55 5.02 6.63 0.00 5.88 1.23 5.00 10.00 −41.09 68.86 15.31 −35.61 47.62 28.00 13.34
2004 4.01 5.55 0.03 0.00 7.06 4.07 6.25 10.00 −30.62 67.68 16.51 −26.53 46.81 30.18 16.82
2005 2.03 4.00 2.03 3.20 7.06 7.16 2.00 10.00 −45.78 66.32 12.38 −39.67 45.87 22.64 9.61
2006 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.02 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −75.83 31.73 27.56 −65.71 21.94 50.38 2.20
2007 6.86 7.38 3.64 0.02 7.06 3.09 4.00 0.00 −46.04 34.76 23.42 −39.89 24.04 42.82 8.99
2008 7.13 7.44 3.10 0.02 7.06 3.09 4.00 0.00 −45.49 34.54 24.01 −39.42 23.89 43.89 9.45
2009 8.78 7.56 2.24 0.01 7.06 3.09 4.00 0.00 −47.34 34.64 26.20 −41.02 23.96 47.89 10.28
2010 8.61 7.48 1.03 0.01 4.71 1.60 7.50 0.00 −34.38 38.08 22.64 −29.79 26.34 41.39 12.65
2011 8.78 7.27 1.01 0.01 5.29 2.72 5.00 0.00 −40.67 32.30 24.42 −35.24 22.34 44.65 10.58
2010 10.00 7.43 1.03 0.01 5.29 2.72 5.00 0.00 −43.54 32.86 25.95 −37.73 22.72 47.44 10.81
Tab.5  “BIAT” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
STB 2002 3.01 3.13 3.22 0.00 5.29 4.07 2.75 10.00 -33.45 54.56 10.25 -28.98 37.73 18.74 9.16
2003 0.85 5.23 3.20 0.03 10.00 3.58 3.00 0.00 −35.56 34.59 15.65 −30.81 23.92 28.60 7.24
2004 3.17 5.07 1.44 6.74 9.41 5.43 1.50 10.00 −46.64 86.32 14.87 −40.42 59.69 27.18 15.49
2005 4.93 4.94 0.40 7.21 5.88 6.17 5.00 10.00 −45.91 87.87 13.04 −39.78 60.77 23.84 14.94
2006 2.73 4.54 0.00 6.64 10.00 5.06 4.50 10.00 −39.76 93.43 12.61 −34.46 64.61 23.06 17.74
2007 7.93 7.28 1.09 7.70 7.06 9.26 6.25 10.00 −68.64 96.61 21.46 −59.48 66.81 39.24 15.52
2008 7.93 7.35 1.08 7.70 7.06 9.26 6.25 10.00 −68.65 96.66 21.62 −59.49 66.85 39.52 15.63
2009 7.93 7.12 1.18 7.70 7.06 9.26 6.25 10.00 −68.71 96.52 21.10 −59.54 66.75 38.58 15.26
2010 7.96 7.15 1.30 7.73 7.06 9.26 6.25 10.00 −69.07 96.74 21.13 −59.85 66.90 38.63 15.23
2011 7.96 7.26 1.24 7.73 7.06 9.26 6.25 10.00 −69.03 96.80 21.38 −59.82 66.94 39.08 15.40
2012 7.96 7.29 1.27 7.73 7.06 9.26 6.25 10.00 −69.11 96.84 21.43 −59.89 66.97 39.18 15.42
Tab.6  “STB” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
BH 2002 7.85 8.06 6.80 0.00 6.47 2.22 9.25 0.00 −49.11 49.77 21.27 −42.56 34.42 38.88 10.25
2003 7.55 5.02 6.63 0.00 5.88 1.23 5.00 10.00 −41.09 68.86 15.31 −35.61 47.62 28.00 13.34
2004 4.01 5.55 0.03 0.00 7.06 4.07 6.25 10.00 −30.62 67.68 16.51 −26.53 46.81 30.18 16.82
2005 2.03 4.00 2.23 3.20 7.06 7.16 2.00 10.00 −46.21 66.44 12.31 −40.04 45.95 22.51 9.47
2006 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −75.81 31.65 27.57 −65.69 21.89 50.40 2.20
2007 8.78 10.00 2.30 8.52 6.47 7.78 9.00 10.00 −68.19 109.68 24.61 −59.09 75.85 45.00 20.59
2008 8.78 10.00 2.30 8.52 6.47 7.78 9.00 10.00 −68.19 109.68 24.61 −59.09 75.85 45.00 20.59
2009 8.78 10.00 2.30 8.52 6.47 7.78 9.00 10.00 −68.19 109.68 24.61 −59.09 75.85 45.00 20.59
2010 8.64 7.53 1.34 8.39 8.24 8.64 7.00 10.00 −69.98 104.88 22.24 −60.65 72.53 40.65 17.51
2011 8.48 7.65 1.05 8.23 6.47 7.78 9.00 10.00 −62.79 105.65 20.17 −54.41 73.07 36.87 18.51
2012 8.61 7.73 1.27 8.36 6.47 7.78 9.00 10.00 −63.72 106.40 20.32 −55.22 73.58 37.14 18.50
Tab.7  “BH” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
BNA 2002 3.01 3.34 3.40 0.00 5.29 2.72 2.75 10.00 −28.82 55.88 10.05 −24.98 38.65 18.38 10.68
2003 1.36 5.23 3.57 0.03 10.00 3.58 3.00 0.00 −37.51 34.99 16.01 −32.51 24.20 29.27 6.99
2004 3.78 5.07 1.43 6.89 7.06 7.16 2.00 10.00 −51.97 81.58 14.53 −45.03 56.42 26.56 12.65
2005 4.93 4.94 0.84 7.21 5.88 6.17 2.50 10.00 −48.13 81.99 14.15 −41.70 56.70 25.86 13.62
2006 2.73 4.54 0.01 6.64 7.06 7.16 4.25 10.00 −44.84 84.46 11.96 −38.86 58.41 21.87 13.81
2007 2.73 4.54 0.01 6.64 6.47 7.78 4.50 0.00 −48.85 50.26 12.76 −42.34 34.76 23.32 5.25
2008 2.73 6.92 0.02 9.79 6.47 7.78 4.50 0.00 −53.07 64.37 15.90 −45.99 44.51 29.06 9.20
2009 3.55 7.08 0.02 9.70 6.47 7.78 4.50 0.00 −54.93 64.45 17.08 −47.60 44.57 31.23 9.40
2010 4.02 6.48 0.02 10.00 6.47 7.78 4.50 0.00 −55.74 65.21 16.15 −48.30 45.10 29.52 8.77
2011 4.02 6.49 0.02 9.84 6.47 7.78 4.50 0.00 −55.63 64.61 16.25 −48.20 44.68 29.71 8.73
2012 4.02 6.55 0.02 9.81 6.47 7.78 4.50 0.00 −55.65 64.55 16.39 −48.23 44.64 29.97 8.79
Tab.8  “BNA” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
UIB 2002 7.85 8.06 6.80 0.00 7.06 2.10 8.25 0.00 −49.74 48.75 22.05 −43.11 33.71 40.32 10.31
2003 7.55 5.02 6.63 0.00 5.88 1.23 5.00 10.00 −41.09 68.86 15.31 −35.61 47.62 28.00 13.34
2004 4.00 5.56 0.03 0.00 7.06 4.07 6.25 10.00 −30.62 67.69 16.53 −26.53 46.81 30.21 16.83
2005 2.03 4.00 2.23 3.20 7.06 7.16 2.00 10.00 −46.21 66.44 12.31 −40.04 45.95 22.51 9.47
2006 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −75.81 31.65 27.57 −65.69 21.89 50.40 2.20
2007 9.70 8.04 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.00 31.86 28.07 −65.85 22.03 51.31 2.50
2008 9.70 8.41 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.27 32.18 28.81 −66.10 22.25 52.67 2.94
2009 9.70 8.80 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.57 32.52 29.61 −66.35 22.49 54.13 3.42
2010 9.70 8.84 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.60 32.55 29.68 −66.38 22.51 54.25 3.46
2011 9.70 8.84 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.60 32.56 29.69 −66.38 22.51 54.28 3.47
2012 9.70 8.83 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.60 32.55 29.67 −66.37 22.51 54.24 3.46
Tab.9  “UIB” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
UBCI 2002 3.02 3.34 3.46 0.00 5.29 2.72 2.75 10.00 −28.97 55.92 10.05 −25.11 38.67 18.37 10.64
2003 2.85 6.81 4.31 0.00 7.06 4.07 4.25 0.00 −41.79 33.13 18.37 −36.21 22.91 33.58 6.76
2004 3.75 5.07 1.30 7.70 7.06 8.27 2.00 10.00 −56.47 83.72 14.56 −48.93 57.90 26.63 11.86
2005 4.93 4.94 1.24 7.21 6.47 6.67 2.25 10.00 −51.62 82.60 14.65 −44.73 57.12 26.78 13.06
2006 2.73 4.54 0.02 6.22 7.06 7.16 4.25 10.00 −44.53 82.86 12.18 −38.59 57.31 22.27 13.66
2007 7.55 8.52 6.52 0.00 4.12 5.93 6.00 10.00 −59.09 66.68 22.86 −51.20 46.11 41.80 12.24
2008 7.55 8.89 6.52 0.00 4.12 3.46 3.50 10.00 −51.18 62.72 23.90 −44.35 43.38 43.69 14.24
2009 7.55 9.26 6.52 0.00 4.12 3.46 3.50 10.00 −51.46 63.04 24.64 −44.59 43.60 45.04 14.68
2010 1.56 8.95 6.52 0.00 8.24 4.07 5.00 0.00 −46.25 40.49 20.90 −40.08 28.00 38.21 8.71
2011 1.56 8.92 6.52 0.00 8.24 4.07 5.00 0.00 −46.23 40.47 20.84 −40.06 27.99 38.09 8.67
2012 1.56 9.04 6.52 0.00 8.24 4.07 5.00 0.00 −46.32 40.57 21.07 −40.14 28.05 38.51 8.81
Tab.10  “UBCI” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
AB 2002 7.90 8.11 6.83 0.00 6.47 2.22 9.00 0.00 −49.45 49.23 21.53 −42.85 34.05 39.36 10.19
2003 7.55 5.40 6.55 0.00 5.88 1.23 5.00 10.00 −41.20 69.14 16.12 −35.70 47.82 29.48 13.86
2004 4.20 5.70 0.04 0.00 7.06 4.07 6.25 10.00 −31.18 67.88 16.99 −27.02 46.94 31.06 16.99
2005 8.09 7.49 6.99 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −68.95 29.99 25.88 −59.75 20.74 47.31 2.77
2006 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −75.81 31.65 27.57 −65.69 21.89 50.40 2.20
2007 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −75.81 31.65 27.57 −65.69 21.89 50.40 2.20
2008 9.70 8.08 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.02 31.89 28.13 −65.88 22.05 51.43 2.54
2009 9.70 8.26 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.16 32.04 28.50 −65.99 22.16 52.10 2.75
2010 9.70 8.24 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.14 32.03 28.46 −65.98 22.15 52.03 2.73
2011 9.70 8.06 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −76.01 31.87 28.10 −65.87 22.04 51.38 2.52
2012 9.70 8.03 8.38 0.00 7.06 6.17 2.00 0.00 −75.99 31.85 28.05 −65.85 22.03 51.27 2.48
Tab.11  “AB” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
Attijari 2002 3.02 3.34 3.46 0.00 4.71 3.09 3.25 10.00 −29.52 55.52 9.62 −25.58 38.39 17.58 10.13
2003 2.85 6.81 4.04 0.00 7.06 6.17 4.25 10.00 −46.83 64.37 18.31 −40.58 44.52 33.47 12.47
2004 3.75 5.07 1.05 7.70 7.06 8.27 2.00 10.00 −55.92 83.57 14.66 −48.46 57.79 26.79 12.04
2005 4.93 4.94 1.69 7.21 6.47 6.67 2.25 10.00 −52.61 82.88 14.48 −45.59 57.32 26.48 12.74
2006 2.73 4.54 0.02 6.22 7.06 8.27 4.25 10.00 −48.77 82.02 12.63 −42.26 56.72 23.08 12.51
2007 8.24 7.80 9.88 0.00 6.47 10.00 4.25 0.00 −88.73 33.37 25.64 −76.89 23.08 46.87 -2.31
2008 8.24 7.76 9.79 0.00 6.47 10.00 4.25 0.00 −88.50 33.28 25.60 −76.69 23.01 46.80 -2.29
2009 8.24 8.06 10.00 0.00 6.47 10.00 4.25 0.00 −89.19 33.67 26.13 −77.28 23.28 47.77 -2.08
2010 6.19 8.24 7.69 0.00 6.47 10.00 4.25 0.00 −79.73 31.72 25.35 −69.09 21.94 46.34 -0.27
2011 6.35 8.16 7.74 0.00 6.47 10.00 4.25 0.00 −80.12 31.73 25.31 −69.43 21.95 46.28 -0.40
2012 6.39 8.37 7.70 0.00 6.47 10.00 4.25 0.00 −80.28 31.90 25.80 −69.56 22.06 47.16 -0.11
Tab.12  “Attijari” banking risk result
Bank Year E(C) E(PI) E(PE) E(P) E(T) E(A) E(AI) E(D) Y1 Y2 Y3 BR1 BR2 BR3 BR
ATB 2002 7.90 8.11 6.83 0.00 6.47 2.22 9.00 0.00 −49.45 49.23 21.53 −42.85 34.05 39.36 10.19
2003 7.55 5.40 6.55 0.00 5.88 1.23 5.00 10.00 −41.20 69.14 16.12 −35.70 47.82 29.48 13.86
2004 4.20 5.70 0.17 0.00 7.06 4.07 6.25 10.00 −31.46 67.96 16.94 −27.27 47.00 30.97 16.90
2005 8.09 6.11 6.99 0.00 6.47 4.44 2.25 0.00 −60.55 29.36 21.93 −52.47 20.30 40.09 2.64
2006 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.65 6.67 2.00 0.00 −78.31 32.62 28.09 −67.86 22.56 51.35 2.02
2007 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.65 7.90 5.75 0.00 −81.15 40.91 26.67 −70.32 28.29 48.76 2.24
2008 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.65 6.67 2.00 0.00 −78.31 32.62 28.09 −67.86 22.56 51.35 2.02
2009 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.65 7.90 5.75 0.00 −81.15 40.91 26.67 −70.32 28.29 48.76 2.24
2010 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.65 7.90 5.75 0.00 −81.15 40.91 26.67 −70.32 28.29 48.76 2.24
2011 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.65 6.67 2.00 0.00 −78.31 32.62 28.09 −67.86 22.56 51.35 2.02
2012 9.70 7.80 8.38 0.00 7.65 7.90 5.75 0.00 −81.15 40.91 26.67 −70.32 28.29 48.76 2.24
Tab.13  “ATB” banking risk result
Fig.5  Best and worst years for BR values.
1 R Adams, H Mehran (2003). Is corporate governance different for bank holding companies? Economic Policy Review, 9(1): 123–142
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.387561
2 A Agrawal, J F Jaffe, G N Mandelker (1992). The post-merger performance of acquiring firms: a re-examination of an anomaly. Journal of Finance, 47(4): 1605–1621
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1992.tb04674.x
3 A Beltratti, R M Stulz (2012). The credit crisis around the globe: Why did some banks perform better? Journal of Financial Economics, 105(1): 1–17
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.12.005
4 J A Brickley, J L Coles, G Jarrell (1997). Leadership structure: separating the CEO and chairman of the board. Journal of Corporate Finance, 3(3): 189–220
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-1199(96)00013-2
5 P Brown (2011). International Financial Reporting Standards: What are the benefits? Accounting and Business Research, 41(3): 269–285
https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2011.569054
6 M M Cornett, J J Mcnutt, H Tehranian (2009). Corporate governance and earnings management at large US bank holding companies. Journal of Corporate Finance, 15(4): 412–430
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2009.04.003
7 F R Council (2010). The UK Corporate Governance Code. London: Financial Reporting Council
8 J Dahya, O Dimitrov, J J Mcconnell (2008). Dominant shareholders, corporate boards, and corporate value: a cross-country analysis. Journal of Financial Economics, 87(1): 73–100
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2006.10.005
9 R DeYoung, G Torna (2013). Nontraditional banking activities and bank failures during the financial crisis. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 22(3): 397–421
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2013.01.001
10 E F Fama (1985). What’s different about banks? Journal of Monetary Economics, 15(1): 29–39
https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(85)90051-0
11 B Ferrarini, P Scaramozzino (2015). The product space revisited: China’s trade profile. World Economy, 38(9): 1368–1386
https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12246
12 B E Hermalin, M S Weisbach (2001). Boards of directors as an endogenously determined institution: a survey of the economic literature. Economic Policy Review, 9(1): 7–26
https://doi.org/10.3386/w8161
13 K J Hopt (2013). Corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions after the financial crisis. Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 13(2): 219–253
https://doi.org/10.5235/14735970.13.2.219
14 M Jemmali, M Alharbi, L K B Melhim (2018). Intelligent decision-making algorithm for supplier evaluation based on multi-criteria preferences. In: 2018 1st International Conference on Computer Applications & Information Security (ICCAIS), IEEE, 1–5
15 M C Jensen (1993). The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. Journal of Finance, 48(3): 831–880
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04022.x
16 G Kirkpatrick (2009). The corporate governance lessons from the financial crisis. OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, 2009(1): 61–87
https://doi.org/10.1787/fmt-v2009-art3-en
17 A Kryvko, P Reichling (2012). Corporate governance and performance of European commercial banks. In: International Conference on Improving Financial Institutions: The Proper Balance between Regulation and Governance, Helsinki
18 L Laeven, F Valencia (2013). The real effects of financial sector interventions during crises. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 45(1): 147–177
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4616.2012.00565.x
19 F Lefort, F Urz�a (2008). Board independence, firm performance and ownership concentration: evidence from Chile. Journal of Business Research, 61(6): 615–622
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.06.036
20 R Levin (2004). Finance and growth: theory and evidence. NBER Working Paper, 10766
21 H Mehran, L Mollineaux (2012). Corporate governance of financial institutions. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 4(1): 215–232
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110311-101821
22 L K B Melhim, M Jemmali, M Alharbi (2018). Intelligent real-time intervention system applied in smart city. In: 2018 21st Saudi Computer Society National Computer Conference (NCC), IEEE, 1–5
23 B A Minton, J Taillard, R G Williamson (2011). Do independence and financial expertise of the board matter for risk taking and performance? Fisher College of Business Working Paper No. 2010-03-014
24 S Pearl-Kumah, Y A Sare, B Bernard (2014). Corporate governance and risk management in the banking sector of Ghana. European Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance Research, 2: 1–17
25 B Salhi, Y Boujelbene (2012). Effect of internal banking mechanisms of governance on the risk taking by the Tunisian banks. International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management, 1
26 D A Whidbee (1997). Board composition and control of shareholder voting rights in the banking industry. Financial Management, 26(4): 27–41
https://doi.org/10.2307/3666125
27 D Yermack (1997). Good timing: CEO stock option awards and company news announcements. Journal of Finance, 52(2): 449–476
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04809.x
[1] Zhe SUN, Cheng ZHANG, Pingbo TANG. Modeling and simulating the impact of forgetting and communication errors on delays in civil infrastructure shutdowns[J]. Front. Eng, 2021, 8(1): 109-121.
[2] Mingyue LI, Zhuoling MA, Xi TANG. Owner-dominated building information modeling and lean construction in a megaproject[J]. Front. Eng, 2021, 8(1): 60-71.
[3] Fupei LI, Minglei YANG, Wenli DU, Xin DAI. Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production[J]. Front. Eng, 2020, 7(3): 373-383.
[4] Elodie HOCHSCHEID, Gilles HALIN. Generic and SME-specific factors that influence the BIM adoption process: An overview that highlights gaps in the literature[J]. Front. Eng, 2020, 7(1): 119-130.
[5] Hans VOORDIJK. Building information modeling and its impact on users in the lifeworld: a mediation perspective[J]. Front. Eng, 2019, 6(2): 193-206.
[6] Albert P. C. CHAN, Xiaozhi MA, Wen YI, Xin ZHOU, Feng XIONG. Critical review of studies on building information modeling (BIM) in project management[J]. Front. Eng, 2018, 5(3): 394-406.
[7] Yanfeng LI, Jun LI. Multi-class dynamic network traffic flow propagation model with physical queues[J]. Front. Eng, 2017, 4(4): 399-407.
[8] Zhe George ZHANG, Xiaoling YIN. Hierarchical modeling of stochastic manufacturing and service systems[J]. Front. Eng, 2017, 4(3): 295-303.
[9] Takashi KANETA, Shuzo FURUSAKA, Nisi DENG. Overview and problems of BIM implementation in Japan[J]. Front. Eng, 2017, 4(2): 146-155.
[10] Dongping CAO, Heng LI, Guangbin WANG. Impacts of building information modeling (BIM) implementation on design and construction performance: a resource dependence theory perspective[J]. Front. Eng, 2017, 4(1): 20-34.
[11] Emiel J. M. Hensen,Peng Wang,Wayne Xu. Research Trends in Fischer--Tropsch Catalysis for Coal to Liquids Technology[J]. Front. Eng, 2016, 3(4): 321-330.
[12] Zhi-kun Ding,Yi-fei Wang,Jin-chuang Wu. CAS and ABM-based Demolition Waste Management Research in the AEC Industry[J]. Front. Eng, 2016, 3(1): 18-23.
[13] Wei-dong Wang,Jie Wu,Kai-jun Wang,Xin Wen. Construction Duration and Cost Simulation via Network-Program-Diagram[J]. Front. Eng, 2014, 1(2): 210-217.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed