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Front. Eng    2014, Vol. 1 Issue (1) : 3-12    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2014003
LARGE-SCALE PROJECT MANAGEMENT
The Construction of a Green Transportation System of China
Zhi-huan Fu1,Qing-zhong Luo2,Guang-zhi Jia2()
1ChineseAcademy of Engineering, Beijing 100088, China
2China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Abstract

Since the 21st century, the transportation industry in China has achieved rapid growth with a significant increase in the transport capacity; however the development has also greatly impacted the energy saving & environmental conservation. This paper takes into account non-commercial vehicles such as private cars in the statistics of energy consumption and pollution of Chinese transportation system. This method extends on previous methods which solely include commercial vehicles in these statistics. Based on more comprehensive quantitative data, it reviews the progress in the energy saving and environmental conservation efforts by the Chinese transportation industry and points out that the rapid increase of energy consumption and pollution emission and the deterioration of traffic congestion are prominent problems in the development of the Chinese transport industry. The main reasons for theses problems include the unbalanced development of different transport modes, the irrational layout of integrated transport hubs, the inadequate law, regulations and standards, and the use of suboptimal technology. Based on these findings, this paper proposes several goals for the construction of a green transportation system in China including the establishment of a transportation management system, the improvement of transportation energy efficiency, the control of environmental pollution and the alleviating of urban traffic congestion. Additionally, it points out that in order to build a green transportation system in China, multiple aspects should be enhanced, i.e., the formulation of traffic planning, the optimization of transport structure, the development of urban public transport, improvement of integrated hubs, administration of energy saving and environmental conservation, development of intelligent transportation systems, technical innovations, etc..
Keywords green      transportation      energy saving and emission reduction      environmental conservation     
Issue Date: 25 May 2014
 Cite this article:   
Zhi-huan Fu,Qing-zhong Luo,Guang-zhi Jia. The Construction of a Green Transportation System of China[J]. Front. Eng, 2014, 1(1): 3-12.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/10.15302/J-FEM-2014003
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/Y2014/V1/I1/3
? Indicators Units of Measurement Year 2001 Year 2012 Increase (%)
Railway Total mileage km 70,057 97,625 39.4
Electric railways km 16.900 51,028.9 201.9
High-speed rails km 0 9,356 -
Highway Total mileage Ten-thousand km 169.8 423.75 149.6
Classified highways Ten-thousand km 133.6 360.96 170.2
Expressways Ten-thousand km 1.9437 9.62 394.9
Water Transport Total mileage of navigable inland waterways Ten-thousand km 12.15 12.46 2.5
Classified waterways Ten-thousand km 6.36 6.37 0.2
Static load of ocean transport ships Ten-thousand tonnage 2,385.7 6,943.79 191
Passenger capacity of ocean transport Ten-thousand rated seats 1.4 1.95 39
Container stowage of ocean transport Ten-thousand TEU 47.9 115.66 142
Quay berths for port production ? 33,441 31,862 -4.7
berths with 10,000-ton capacity or above ? 810 1,886 132.8
Civil Aviation Regular flight routes ? 1,009 2,457 143.5
Mileage of regular flight routes Ten-thousand km 155.36 328.01 111.1
Pipelines Oil/gas transport mileage Ten-thousand km 2.76 9.01 226.4
Urban Rails Cities in service ? 3 17 466.7
Length in service km 210 2,064 882.9
Table 1  Comparison of Infrastructure Scale of All Modes of Transport between 2001 and 2012
Figure 1.  Comparisons of indices of passenger traffic by all modes of transport between 2001 and 2012. Left: the passenger traffic volume (hundred-million-passenger). Right: the passenger turnover volumes (hundred-million-passenger-km). Figure 1. Data adapted from Statistical Bulletin of Highway and Waterway Transportation Development, Handbook of Railway Statistical Indices, and China Statistical Yearbook.
Figure 2.  Comparisons of indexes of freight transport by all modes of transportation between 2001 and 2012. Left: the freight traffic volume (hundred-million-ton). Right: the freight traffic turnover volume (hundred-million-ton-km). The waterborne transportation includes navigable inland waterways, coastal waterways and ocean transportation. In 2012, the volume of freight transport of the three increased by 202.9%, 351.9% and 119.3% respectively, accounting for 50.2%, 35.5% and 14.3% of the total volume of waterborne transportation respectively. The turnover volume of freight of the three has increased by 406.3%, 383.9% and 145.8% respectively since 2001, accounting for 9.3%, 25.3% and 65.4% of the total turnover volume of waterborne transportation respectively. Data adapted from Statistical Bulletin of Highway and Waterway Transportation Development,Handbook of Railway Statistical Indices, and China Statistical Yearbook.
Figure 3.  Comparison of energy consumption per unit in freight transportation between 2005 and 2011 by different transport modes. (1) Energy consumption intensity of highway freight adopts that of commercial freight vehicles. (2) The mark * indicates that the energy consumption per unit in air freight adopts kilogram standard coal per hundred ton kilometer.
Figure 4.  Comparison of energy consumption per unit in passenger transportation between 2005 and 2011 by different transport modes (Part 1). Energy consumption intensity of highway passenger transport adopts that of commercial passenger vehicles.
Figure 5.  Comparison of energy consumption per unit in passenger transportation between 2005 and 2011 by different transport modes (Part 2). Data adapted from The Construction a Green Transportation System of China (Research Report of theChineseAcademyofEngineering).
Figure 6.  Energy consumption and its ratio of transpiration. Data adapted from The Construction a Green Transportation System of China (Research Report of theChineseAcademyofEngineering).
Figure 7.  Energy consumption and CO2 emission of transport industry. Color blue: total energy consumption of the transportation industry (million standard coal); color purple: total energy consumption CO2 emission of the transportation industry million ton). Data adapted from The Construction a Green Transportation System of China (Research Report of theChineseAcademyofEngineering).
Figure 8.  Ratios of sources of PM 2.5 in Beijing. Data adapted from The 2012 Annual Report of Prevention and Control of Motor Vehicle Pollution.
Figure 9.  Driving speed on trunk roads of the inner loop road during morning peak hours in Shanghai, 2009. Data adapted from The Construction a Green Transportation System of China (The Research Report of theChineseAcademyofEngineering).
City Year Proportion of Public Transport Increase
Beijing 2005 24.1% 19.9%
2012 44.0%
Shanghai 2004 24.6% 0.6%
2009 25.2%
Changsha 2002 42.3% -6.5%
2009 35.8%
Shenzhen 2005 44.3% -4.0%
2010 40.3%
Table 2  The Proportion of Public Transport in Some Chinese Cities
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