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Frontiers of Engineering Management

ISSN 2095-7513

ISSN 2096-0255(Online)

CN 10-1205/N

Postal Subscription Code 80-905

Front. Eng    2015, Vol. 2 Issue (3) : 311-319    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2015045
CASE STUDIES
Ecological Risk Management of Drinking Water Project: The Case Study of Kunming City
Ji-liang Zheng(),Jun Hu,Xuan Zhou,Ching Yuen Luk
The Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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Abstract

Following rapid infrastructure development and industrialization, the problems of water pollution and water shortage have become more severe. Whether there is safe drinking water in cities has attracted wide attention. The ecological risk management of drinking water project is an important means of ensuring the safety of a drinking water source. Based on ecological risk assessment and management theories, this paper establishes an ecological risk management model and assessment system with the aim of providing theoretical guidance and scientific basis for formulating a policy on the safety and protection of drinking water sources in a city. Kunming is one of the cities plagued by severe water shortage in China. Its ecological risk management of drinking water has attracted the attention of both the local government and the public. Using Kunming as the case study, this paper conducts a comparative analysis and assessment on three major reservoirs that face ecological risks. It highlights the existing problems and gives helpful suggestions.

Keywords drinking water project      ecological risk      ecological risk assessment      risk management     
Corresponding Author(s): Ji-liang Zheng   
Online First Date: 28 January 2016    Issue Date: 21 March 2016
 Cite this article:   
Ji-liang Zheng,Jun Hu,Xuan Zhou, et al. Ecological Risk Management of Drinking Water Project: The Case Study of Kunming City[J]. Front. Eng, 2015, 2(3): 311-319.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/10.15302/J-FEM-2015045
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/Y2015/V2/I3/311
Fig.1  A model of ecological risk management on urban drinking water project.
Category of risk Threatening factor Ecological risk sources
Incremental Toxic and harmful substances Point source (enterprise emission, chemical spill, market and town)
Surface source (rural life, agricultural runoff, free-range livestock farming, soil erosion, transportation)
Nutrient substance Lake sediments
Probabilistic Meteorological factors Flood, drought, acid rain, atmospheric precipitation
Sudden accident Hazardous chemical spill, sudden appearance of cyanobacteria, algal blooms
Water quantity Rainfall, drawing water by factories
Tab.1  The Ecological Risk Sources and Threatening Factors in Water Sources
Nutritional status classification Score values TLI(∑) Qualitative evaluation
Oligotrophication 0<TLI(∑)<30 Excellent
Mesotrophy 30≤TLI(∑)≤50 Good
Light eutrophication 50<TLI(∑)≤60 Slightly polluted
Middle eutrophication 60<TLI(∑)≤70 Moderately polluted
Severe eutrophication TLI(∑)>70 Heavily Polluted
Tab.2  Nutritional Status Classification and Corresponding Comprehensive Nutrition Index
Category of risk Threatening factor Ecological risk sources
Incremental Toxic and harmful substances Point sources (industrial enterprises, villages, and towns)
Surface sources (rural life, agricultural runoff, free-range livestock farming, soil erosion)
Probabilistic Meteorological factor Drought
Tab.3  The Risk Sources of Songhuaba, Yunlong, and Qingshuihai Reservoirs for the Main Urban Area of Kunming
Water source Point source type Count Sewage discharge(Million tons·yr-1) Pollutant discharge/(ton·yr?1)
COD TN TP NH
1 Songhuaba Industrial enterprise 6 0.44 41.68 0.58 0.07 0
Town point source 3 28.71 63.79 49.9 6.03 14.97
2 Yunlong Industrial enterprise 1 0.05 2.68 0.02 0 0.02
Town point source 2 78.84 175.2 137.04 16.55 41.11
3 Qinghaishui Industrial enterprise 1 0.51 31.25 0.22 0 14.91
Town point source 2 28.58 63.52 49.68 6 14.91
Total 15 137.13 378.13 237.44 28.65 71.23
Tab.4  Pollution Emission Sources in Water Source Areas (Year 2010)
Name Rural life?pollution/(ton·yr?1) Agricultural runoff/(ton·yr?1) Free-range livestock farming /(ton·yr?1) Total/(ton·yr?1)
COD TN TP NH COD TN TP NH COD TN TP NH COD TN TP NH
Songhuaba 463 9.9 7.4 1.9 2020 317 3.4 55 1122 54.5 11 15 3606 382 22 71.8
Yunlong 341 7.3 5.4 1.4 1772 265 1.7 48.6 719 34.6 6.3 7.2 2832 307 13.4 57.1
Qinghaishui 199 4.2 3 0.8 1281 191 0.8 35.1 523 25.0 3.4 3.2 2004 220 7.2 39.1
Total 1003 21.4 15.8 4.2 5073 773 5.9 139 2365 114 20.7 25 8442 909 42.8 168
Tab.5  The Total?Amount of Pollutant of Surface Source in Storage (2010)
Category of risk First grade indexes Secondaryindexes Weight Songhuaba reservoir Yunlong reservoir Qingshuihai reservoir
Pollution hazard degree Compre-hensive value Pollution hazard degree Compre-hensive value Pollution hazard degree Compre-hensive value
Incremental Point source Industrial enterprise?point?source?pollution 0.1 General 0.042 Not serious 0.019 General 0.042
Pollutants in everyday life in towns 0.1 Serious 0.125 Very serious 0.061 Serious 0.125
Surface source Domestic pollution source 0.1 General 0.061 General 0.061 General 0.061
Agricultural runoff 0.1 Especially serious 0.167 Very serious 0.148 Very serious 0.167
Free-range livestock farming 0.1 Serious 0.042 Serious 0.111 Serious 0.125
Soil erosion 0.05 General 0.042 Serious 0.056 —— 0.000
Internal source Eutrophication 0.05 General 0.042 General 0.037 General 0.042
Water quality grade 0.2 Serious 0.085 Not serious 0.012 General 0.049
Probabilistic Meteorology Drought 0.1 Serious 0.125 Serious 0.111 Serious 0.125
Early-warning mechanism Emergency drill 0.1 Not serious 0.042 Serious 0.111 General 0.083
Total 0.353 0.3254 0.322
Tab.6  The Integrated Assessment of the Ecological Risks of the Three Reservoirs in Kunming
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