Geological significance of the former Xiong’er Volcanic Belt on the southwestern margin of the North China Craton

doi:10.1007/s11707-018-0694-z

Frontiers of Earth Science

2019, Vol. 13

Issue (1): 191-208 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-018-0694-z

本期目录

Geological significance of the former Xiong’er Volcanic Belt on the southwestern margin of the North China Craton

Guanxu CHEN, Jinhai LUO(

), Huan XU, Jia YOU, Yifei LI, Zichen CHE

State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics (Northwest University), Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China

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Abstract：

The rock association of low-grade metasedimentary rocks and greenschists located within the Meso-Cenozoic Liupanshan Fault system on the southwestern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) is regarded as part of the Paleoproterozoic Xiong’er Group. These low-grade rocks are separated by normal faults, with the greenschist located in the hanging walls. Zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages of the greenschists range from 2455 to 423 Ma, suggesting that they are not Paleoproterozoic in age. The protolith ages (206–194 Ma) of the greenschists were determined by LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating of zircons from two siltstone interlayers. The petrology and geochemistry of the greenschists reveal that their protolith was continental tholeiitic basalt that formed in an extensional environment such as a continental rift. Thus, it is proposed that the protolith of the greenschists was a mafic volcanic rock of Late Triassic–Early Jurassic age and was metamorphosed during the Jurassic due to tectonism within the Liupanshan tectonic belt. These results show that the greenschists should be reclassified and removed from the Xiong’er Group, and explains why they differ so much from those of typical Xiong’er Group successions in other areas. The formation of the mafic volcanic rocks under conditions of continental rifting differs from that of coeval granitic rocks in the western Qinling Orogen, where the extension occurred during a post-collisional stage in the Late Triassic, which further suggests that the southwestern margin of the NCC became an extensional setting after the Late Triassic.

Key words： southwestern margin of the NCC Paleoproterozoic Xiong’er Group greenschist detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology Late Triassic to Early Jurassic

收稿日期: 2017-08-03 出版日期: 2019-01-25

Corresponding Author(s): Jinhai LUO

引用本文:

. [J]. Frontiers of Earth Science, 2019, 13(1): 191-208.
Guanxu CHEN, Jinhai LUO, Huan XU, Jia YOU, Yifei LI, Zichen CHE. Geological significance of the former Xiong’er Volcanic Belt on the southwestern margin of the North China Craton. Front. Earth Sci., 2019, 13(1): 191-208.

链接本文:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/CN/10.1007/s11707-018-0694-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/CN/Y2019/V13/I1/191

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Composition	14LP05	14LP06	14LP07	14LP08	14LP09	14LP10	14LP11	14LP12	14LP13	14LP14
SiO₂	46.06	45.00	48.63	44.75	47.71	45.56	44.33	46.52	47.28	46.50
TiO₂	1.28	2.03	1.81	1.58	1.70	1.85	2.02	1.86	1.72	1.77
Al₂O₃	10.18	14.10	13.13	12.38	12.83	13.78	15.57	13.26	13.00	13.89
^TFe₂O₃	9.43	15.98	14.85	12.22	14.23	14.50	16.24	15.05	15.07	14.28
MnO	0.15	0.22	0.19	0.17	0.20	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.21	0.20
MgO	3.67	7.01	6.56	4.23	5.58	5.25	4.87	7.04	6.57	6.37
CaO	15.33	9.05	9.35	14.00	10.64	10.52	11.38	9.84	9.88	11.11
Na₂O	2.58	2.61	1.93	2.18	2.59	2.35	1.06	2.12	2.22	2.25
K₂O	0.34	0.23	0.39	0.30	0.32	0.20	0.14	0.38	0.20	0.20
P₂O₅	0.10	0.15	0.14	0.12	0.13	0.14	0.16	0.14	0.13	0.13
LOI	10.95	3.46	3.15	8.29	3.82	5.81	3.84	3.09	3.59	3.05
Total	100.11	99.84	100.13	100.23	99.75	100.14	99.80	99.50	99.87	99.75
Mg^#	40.06	43.07	43.24	37.38	40.34	38.44	34.09	44.65	42.92	43.48
Rb	3.72	2.56	4.44	3.90	4.93	2.24	2.25	4.29	2.16	2.08
Ga	13.6	20.3	20.7	17.9	18.6	19.9	24.4	20.9	19.9	21.6
Sr	171	393	408	297	205	206	467	306	348	573
Y	22.7	34.1	30.3	27.0	27.9	30.0	33.8	30.7	27.2	29.4
Zr	72.1	112	102	87.5	94.5	101	111	101	94.4	96.1
Nb	3.70	5.90	5.30	4.55	4.88	5.24	5.78	5.24	4.88	5.02
Cs	0.250	0.075	0.052	0.530	0.430	0.092	0.370	0.055	0.064	0.063
Ba	55.6	65.2	107	82.6	79.2	52.1	67.0	101	52.8	43.0
Hf	1.83	2.91	2.65	2.27	2.44	2.58	2.89	2.62	2.43	2.46
Ta	0.25	0.38	0.35	0.30	0.32	0.35	0.38	0.35	0.32	0.33
Pb	0.81	0.94	1.29	1.27	1.35	1.17	2.16	0.97	1.62	1.90
Th	0.43	0.64	0.58	0.49	0.54	0.61	0.63	0.58	0.53	0.55
U	0.12	0.18	0.18	0.14	0.16	0.17	0.19	0.16	0.15	0.16
La	4.91	6.89	5.96	5.26	5.42	5.77	6.50	6.04	5.32	5.75
Ce	12.5	18.2	16.0	13.8	14.7	15.8	17.4	15.9	14.3	15.1
Pr	1.92	2.88	2.52	2.18	2.30	2.50	2.75	2.53	2.27	2.39
Nd	9.67	14.4	12.6	11.0	11.7	12.6	13.8	12.7	11.4	12.0
Sm	2.92	4.50	4.01	3.48	3.76	4.01	4.36	4.07	3.63	3.85
Eu	0.96	1.52	1.44	1.27	1.30	1.39	1.55	1.49	1.28	1.36
Gd	3.36	5.23	4.66	4.08	4.36	4.70	5.14	4.72	4.25	4.49
Tb	0.60	0.94	0.84	0.73	0.77	0.84	0.92	0.84	0.77	0.81
Dy	3.86	5.97	5.36	4.77	5.01	5.36	5.95	5.41	4.88	5.10
Ho	0.79	1.22	1.11	0.98	1.03	1.10	1.24	1.12	1.01	1.06
Er	2.28	3.46	3.13	2.77	2.86	3.05	3.45	3.16	2.84	2.96
Tm	0.33	0.49	0.45	0.40	0.42	0.44	0.50	0.45	0.40	0.43
Yb	2.08	3.09	2.89	2.62	2.63	2.80	3.25	2.94	2.67	2.82
Lu	0.32	0.46	0.42	0.38	0.39	0.41	0.47	0.43	0.39	0.41
SREE	46.45	69.20	61.44	53.82	56.61	60.75	67.30	61.80	55.48	58.51
(La/Yb)_N	1.59	1.50	1.39	1.35	1.39	1.39	1.35	1.38	1.34	1.37
dEu	0.94	0.95	1.02	1.03	0.98	0.98	1.00	1.04	1.00	1.00

Tab.1

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Sample	Spot	Pb^*	²³²Th	²³⁸U	Th/U	Isotopic ratios						Ages/Ma
	no.	/ppm	/ppm	/ppm		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U		²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb		²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U		²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U
						ratios	1s	ratios	1s	ratios	1s	Ages	1s	Ages	1s	Ages	1s
16LP05 (Collected at ⑥ observation spot)	1	32.4	86.59	69.82	1.24	0.1119	0.003	4.803	0.097	0.311	0.004	1830	18	1785	17	1747	21
	3	250.4	64.66	647.74	0.1	0.1236	0.001	5.615	0.04	0.33	0.002	2008	17	1918	6	1837	10
	5	30.2	24.66	71.44	0.35	0.1159	0.002	5.479	0.073	0.343	0.003	1894	12	1897	11	1900	16
	6	13.9	106.72	158.65	0.67	0.0562	0.002	0.529	0.017	0.068	0.001	460	44	431	11	425	6
	7	40.4	298.58	503.76	0.59	0.0551	0.001	0.478	0.009	0.063	0.001	417	24	397	6	393	4
	8	158.9	21.85	316.53	0.07	0.1392	0.002	7.968	0.071	0.415	0.003	2218	7	2227	8	2238	14
	10	164.2	31.69	404.52	0.08	0.1231	0.001	5.944	0.044	0.35	0.002	2001	18	1968	6	1936	10
	11	160.1	35.68	380	0.09	0.1227	0.001	6.133	0.046	0.362	0.002	1996	6	1995	7	1994	11
	12	152	12.69	363.01	0.03	0.1237	0.001	6.221	0.047	0.365	0.002	2010	6	2007	7	2005	11
	15	28.3	316.27	283.31	1.12	0.06	0.001	0.583	0.011	0.071	0.001	602	24	467	7	439	4
	16	108.6	179.66	249.83	0.72	0.1145	0.001	5.166	0.047	0.327	0.002	1872	8	1847	8	1825	12
	17	155.2	33.66	356.57	0.09	0.1216	0.001	6.097	0.051	0.364	0.002	1980	19	1990	7	1999	11
	20	41.5	458.05	383.82	1.19	0.0617	0.003	0.629	0.025	0.074	0.001	662	90	495	15	460	5
	22	17.4	131.52	189.93	0.69	0.0591	0.002	0.589	0.014	0.072	0.001	570	32	470	9	450	5
	24	122.3	24.67	285.36	0.09	0.1248	0.001	6.408	0.051	0.372	0.003	2026	6	2033	7	2041	12
	28	143.3	27.82	370.5	0.08	0.1235	0.001	5.717	0.048	0.336	0.002	2008	20	1934	7	1866	11
	29	216.4	121.64	363.69	0.33	0.16	0.002	10.53	0.082	0.478	0.003	2455	6	2483	7	2517	14
	33	192.2	57.87	435.42	0.13	0.1256	0.001	6.618	0.049	0.382	0.002	2038	6	2062	6	2086	12
	34	34.6	59.81	87.79	0.68	0.1049	0.002	4.408	0.076	0.305	0.004	1713	16	1714	14	1715	17
	35	22.5	92.07	280.15	0.33	0.0554	0.002	0.518	0.017	0.068	0.001	427	80	424	11	423	5
	36	206.2	76.41	524.39	0.15	0.1214	0.001	5.674	0.046	0.339	0.002	1976	19	1927	7	1882	11
14LP03 (Collected at ⑤ observation spot)	1	8.17	79.34	84.52	0.94	0.0571	0.0031	0.5651	0.0285	0.0717	0.0011	496	85	455	19	446	6
	2	125.4	133.87	747.28	0.18	0.0708	0.0016	1.4757	0.02	0.1511	0.0015	951	13	920	8	907	8
	4	86.82	548.29	1273.57	0.43	0.0622	0.0016	0.4923	0.0085	0.0574	0.0006	525	64	381	8	358	4
	5	25.06	43	62.53	0.69	0.1163	0.0034	4.9619	0.1129	0.3092	0.0042	1900	22	1813	19	1737	21
	6	11.7	31.95	30.67	1.04	0.11	0.0039	4.1077	0.1232	0.2707	0.0042	1799	32	1656	24	1544	22
	8	224.32	232.55	411.77	0.56	0.1606	0.0035	9.2603	0.1048	0.418	0.0042	2462	9	2364	10	2251	19
	9	12.19	133.01	134.62	0.99	0.0609	0.0027	0.5615	0.022	0.0669	0.0009	634	61	453	14	417	5
	10	26.05	42.42	64.54	0.66	0.1145	0.0031	4.9062	0.1014	0.3107	0.0039	1872	20	1803	17	1744	19
	11	12.73	179.92	132.62	1.36	0.1182	0.0046	0.9433	0.0309	0.0579	0.0008	656	225	380	31	337	6
	13	29.66	235.37	190.39	1.24	0.0742	0.0023	1.0371	0.0252	0.1014	0.0012	1046	30	722	13	622	7
	15	28.1	234.81	298.24	0.79	0.0581	0.0019	0.584	0.0151	0.0729	0.0008	534	36	467	10	453	5
	16	23.24	309.58	243.32	1.27	0.055	0.0019	0.5082	0.0149	0.067	0.0008	412	44	417	10	418	5
	17	12.67	118.83	139.4	0.85	0.057	0.0025	0.5438	0.0208	0.0691	0.0009	493	61	441	14	431	5
	18	8.4	59.99	80.82	0.74	0.0673	0.0034	0.6943	0.0321	0.0748	0.0012	503	174	467	28	459	7
	19	44.65	727.02	432.77	1.68	0.063	0.0018	0.5776	0.0128	0.0665	0.0007	709	29	463	8	415	4
	20	26.36	328.09	592.02	0.55	0.0755	0.0028	0.3487	0.011	0.0335	0.0004	224	146	207	12	206	3
	21	28.62	196.15	261.53	0.75	0.0674	0.0022	0.7793	0.02	0.0839	0.001	850	34	585	11	519	6
	22	19.75	44	45.86	0.96	0.1124	0.0042	4.8325	0.1603	0.3119	0.0054	1838	35	1791	28	1750	27
	28	37.73	405.57	438.11	0.93	0.0561	0.0017	0.5	0.0122	0.0647	0.0007	456	34	412	8	404	4
	29	37.96	512.81	374.67	1.37	0.0715	0.0021	0.6627	0.0151	0.0672	0.0008	537	134	432	20	412	5
	30	23.02	196.75	249.1	0.79	0.0599	0.002	0.5926	0.0166	0.0718	0.0009	601	40	473	11	447	5
	31	20.9	150.63	227.75	0.66	0.075	0.0025	0.7091	0.0192	0.0686	0.0008	555	116	441	18	419	5
	32	128.77	82.79	334.95	0.25	0.1203	0.0027	5.4246	0.0685	0.3273	0.0034	1960	10	1889	11	1825	17
14LP04 (Collected at ④ observation spot)	1	35.53	199.78	280.24	0.71	0.0801	0.0026	1.1174	0.0286	0.1012	0.0012	1059	87	721	21	617	8
	2	13	202.75	130.53	1.55	0.0592	0.0026	0.5453	0.0212	0.0668	0.0009	575	61	442	14	417	5
	4	44.78	400.66	496.53	0.81	0.0579	0.0016	0.5661	0.0116	0.0709	0.0008	525	26	455	8	442	5
	5	57.09	27.81	179.09	0.16	0.1222	0.0032	4.5711	0.0853	0.2712	0.0033	1859	45	1674	17	1530	17
	6	10.34	98.29	117.24	0.84	0.0601	0.0026	0.5694	0.0222	0.0687	0.0009	608	60	458	14	428	6
	7	69.24	156.11	158.28	0.99	0.1206	0.0029	5.4044	0.0817	0.3249	0.0036	1965	13	1886	13	1814	18
	8	27.4	259.06	294.82	0.88	0.0636	0.002	0.6194	0.0153	0.0706	0.0008	729	33	489	10	440	5
	9	69.12	168.46	158.28	1.06	0.1239	0.0032	5.7232	0.1079	0.3348	0.0042	2014	17	1935	16	1862	20
	10	10.53	108.53	116.18	0.93	0.0585	0.0026	0.5599	0.0228	0.0694	0.001	550	64	451	15	432	6
	11	21.41	183.74	242.59	0.76	0.0569	0.002	0.551	0.0158	0.0702	0.0008	489	42	446	10	437	5
	12	19.11	158.12	220.33	0.72	0.056	0.002	0.54	0.0167	0.0699	0.0009	454	47	438	11	435	5
	13	138.91	269.57	163.69	1.65	0.2281	0.0051	18.4964	0.2458	0.5878	0.0067	3039	10	3016	13	2981	27
	14	11.81	91.98	142.44	0.65	0.0569	0.0024	0.5274	0.0199	0.0672	0.0009	488	60	430	13	419	5
	15	11.33	22.16	29.45	0.75	0.1079	0.0043	4.3776	0.158	0.2941	0.0053	1675	105	1662	43	1651	28
	18	38.88	274.83	291.65	0.94	0.0715	0.0032	0.5879	0.0238	0.0596	0.0009	511	173	387	24	367	6
	19	12.11	194.73	240.07	0.81	0.0813	0.0032	0.4076	0.0139	0.0364	0.0005	337	171	232	15	222	3
	20	99.05	244.12	212.18	1.15	0.1213	0.0028	5.5012	0.0784	0.3289	0.0036	1975	12	1901	12	1833	17
	21	55.48	211.45	332.88	0.64	0.0691	0.0018	1.2796	0.0231	0.1342	0.0015	902	20	837	10	812	8
	22	21.48	469.62	451.89	1.04	0.0495	0.0019	0.2465	0.008	0.0361	0.0004	173	54	224	7	229	3
	23	20.39	381.03	440.83	0.86	0.0493	0.0019	0.2447	0.0079	0.036	0.0004	163	53	222	6	228	3
	24	15.3	146.76	175.59	0.84	0.0542	0.0022	0.5087	0.0178	0.0681	0.0009	379	55	418	12	425	5
	25	16.12	101.39	194.07	0.52	0.0565	0.0021	0.5425	0.0174	0.0697	0.0009	471	49	440	11	434	5
	26	70.1	559.16	849.72	0.66	0.0561	0.0014	0.5165	0.0091	0.0668	0.0007	455	21	423	6	417	4
	27	43.29	87.78	591.28	0.15	0.0568	0.0015	0.5299	0.0105	0.0677	0.0007	482	25	432	7	422	4
	29	43.95	439.95	489.38	0.9	0.0565	0.0016	0.5314	0.0115	0.0682	0.0008	472	29	433	8	425	5
	30	27	265.3	302.29	0.88	0.059	0.0019	0.5526	0.0143	0.068	0.0008	565	36	447	9	424	5
	33	26.03	12.71	68.24	0.19	0.1173	0.0032	5.4684	0.114	0.3382	0.0045	1915	20	1896	18	1878	22
	34	27.77	323.26	284.38	1.14	0.0566	0.0019	0.5575	0.0155	0.0714	0.0009	477	41	450	10	445	5
	36	106.83	102.37	374.38	0.27	0.0952	0.0022	3.2884	0.0462	0.2505	0.0027	1471	39	1450	13	1436	14
	37	23.73	246.02	252.5	0.97	0.0548	0.0019	0.5275	0.0156	0.0699	0.0009	402	44	430	10	435	5
	38	25.07	359.3	243.87	1.47	0.0561	0.0019	0.5328	0.0155	0.0689	0.0008	455	43	434	10	430	5
	39	11.29	117.82	263.15	0.45	0.0903	0.0042	0.4013	0.0169	0.0322	0.0005	107	185	187	14	194	3
	40	52.6	17.97	130.48	0.14	0.121	0.0029	5.9466	0.0978	0.3565	0.0042	1971	14	1968	14	1966	20

Tab.2

Fig.11

Fig.12

Tab.3

Tab.4

Fig.13

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