Sedimentary characteristics of lacustrine deep-water gravity flow in the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
1. College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China 2. Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China 3. Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Co., Dongying 257000, China 4. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Many types of sedimentary systems occur in the middle of the third member of the Shahejie Formation (E2S32) of the Paleogene in the Dongying Sag east of the Bohai Bay Basin. Due to the topography and material supply, traction and gravity flow depositions are intertwined in this area, and the sand body types are complex and diverse, making it challenging to improve the accuracy of their description and prediction and restricting oil reservoir exploration and development. Therefore, this paper documents our systematic study of the sedimentary characteristics of the southern slope of Dongying Depression, the formation mechanism of different sand body types, and the prediction of sand body distribution. First, according to the coring well’s single-well facies and vertical rock sequence, nine single lithofacies types and five lithofacies association types were identified. Combined with the well logging facies marks of all wells, the depositional models of delta and gravity flow depositional systems were established in the study area. Then, the gravity flow was divided into slip, collapse, debris flow, and turbidity flow according to its development mechanism. Finally, the distribution law of the gravity flow sedimentary facies type was predicted. Gravity flow sliding deposits are primarily distributed near the delta front, slump and clastic flow deposits are distributed near the far slope, and turbidity current deposits are distributed at the far slope. With the gradual shrinkage of the water body in the north-west direction and the continuous advancement of the river delta, the gravity flow sand body gradually disappears in the late E2S32 and transits to delta plain deposition.
A H Bouma (1962). Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposits: a Graphic Approach to Facies Interpretation. Amsterdam, New York: Elsevier Publishing Company
2
Y Cao, H Liu (2007). Discussion on the relationship between distribution of fluxoturbidite and depositional slope of delta in lacustrine basin. Geol Rev, 53(4): 454–459 (in Chinese)
3
X Chen, Z Jiang, W Du, J Wang, Y Zhang (2014). Origin of depositional cycles and their influence on oil-bearing sandstone of Dongying Delta in Mid-Es3 Dongying Depression. Acta Sediment Sin, 32(2): 344–353 (in Chinese)
4
R H Dott (1963). Dynamics of subaqueous gravity depositional processes.AAPG Bull, 47: 104–128
5
F A Forel (1885). Les ravins sous-lacustres des fleuves glaciaires.Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences Paris, 101: 725–728
6
J, Gomberg K, Ariyoshi S, Hautala H P Johnson (2021). The finicky nature of earthquake shaking-triggered submarine sediment slope failures and sediment gravity flows.J Geophys Res Solid Earth, 126(10): e2021JB022588 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JB022588
7
M Hou, J Tian, H Chen, X Chen, H Xiao, G Qiu, G Jia (2002). Turbidite fan characters of the intermediate section of Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Niuzhuang depression of Dongying area. J Chengdu U Techn, 29(5): 506–510 (in Chinese)
8
J, Hu S, Xu X Tong (1986). Formation and distribution of complex petroleum accumulation zones in Bohai Bay Basin.Pet Explor Dev, 1: 1–8
9
P H, Kuenen C I Migliorini (1950). Turbidity currents as a cause of graded bedding.J Geol, 58(2): 91–127 https://doi.org/10.1086/625710
10
F, Lai Z, Li T, Zhang A, Zhou B Gong (2019). Characteristics of microscopic pore structure and its influence on spontaneous imbibition of tight gas reservoir in the Ordos Basin, China.J Petrol Sci Eng, 172: 23–31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.09.020
11
D Li (1986). Prospect of the composite megastructural oil and gas field in Bohai Gulf of China.Acta Petrol Sin, 7: 1–21
12
J, Liao X, Zhu X, Deng B, Sun X Hui (2013). Sedlimentary characteristics and model of gravity flow in Triassic Yanchang Formation of Longdong Area in Ordos Basin.Earth Sci Front, 20(2): 29–39
13
X, Liu H, Liu G, Song G, Jia H Yang (2016). Sedimentary characteristics and distribution pattern of the slope-shifting fan in the low-lying slope zone of Dongying Sag.Oil Gas Geol, 23(4): 1–10
14
S Lu, G Chen, Wu k, Feng D (2013). Tectonic feature and evolution mechanism of central anticline belt of Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Petrol Geo & Experi, 35(3): 274–279 (in Chinese)
15
Z Lu (2012). Sedimentary characteristics and model of gravity flows in Yan 18 area of the steep slope in Dongying sag of Jiyang depression.Nat Gas Geosci, 23(3): 420–429
16
G V Middleton, M A Hampton (1976) Subaqueous sediment transport and deposition by sediment gravity flows. In: Stanley D J, Swift D P, eds. Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management. New York: Wiley, 197–218
W R, Normark D J W Piper (1972). Sediments and growth pattern of Navy deep-sea fan, San Clements Basin, California Borderland.J Geol, 80(2): 198–223 https://doi.org/10.1086/627725
19
S Pan, R Zheng, P Wei, T Wang, B Chen, S Liang (2013). Deposition characteristics, recognition mark and form mechanism of mass transport deposits in terrestrial lake Basin. Lithologic Reserv, 25(2): 9–18 (in Chinese)
20
H G, Reading M Richards (1994). Turbidite systems in deep-water basin margins classified by grain size and feeder system.AAPG Bull, 78: 792–822
21
F, Sajiadi H, Hashemj E Borzuee (2015). Palynostratigraphy of the Nayband Formation, Tabas, Central Iran Basin: paleogeographical and paleoecological implications.J Asian Earth Sci, 111: 553–567 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.05.030
22
O Serra (1984). Fundamentals of Well-Log Interpretation: The Acquisition of Logging Data. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company, 1–35
G Shanmugam (2000). 50 years of the turbidite paradigm (1950s–1999s); deep-water processes and facies models-a critical perspective.Mar Pet Geol, 17(2): 285–342 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00011-2
G, Shanmugam L R, Lehtonen T, Straume S E, Syvertsen R J, Hodgkinson M Skibeli (1994). Slump and debris-flow dominated upper slope facies in the Cretaceous of the Norwegian and northern North Seas (61°–67° N); implications for sand distribution.AAPG Bull, 78: 910–937
28
R G Walker (1978). Deep-water sandstone facies and ancient submarine fans: models for exploration for stratigraphic traps.Am Assoc Pet Geol Bull, 62: 932–966
29
D Wang (1991). The sedimentation and formation mechanism of lacustrine endogenic debris flow.Acta Geol Sin, 65(4): 299–316
30
H Wang, T Zhou, J Song, X Miao (2011). Recognition of sedimentary characteristics and its significance to petroleum geology the 3rd member of Shahejie Formation Paleogene western Dongying Depression. Geoscience, 25(4): 626–634 (in Chinese)
31
J Wang (2005). Sedimentary facies of the Shahejie Formation of Paleogene in Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression. J Paleogeogr, 7(1): 45–58 (in Chinese)
32
J, Wang W, Han J, Yu J Zheng (2003a). Turbidity system in the third section of Shahejie Formation of Dongying Sag and its implications on petroleum prospecting.Acta Petrol Sin, 24(6): 24–29
33
J Wang, G Jia, J Liu, X Li (2003b). Discussion on the genesis model for turbidites of Es3 in Shinan area. Oil & Gas Recov Techn, 10(4): 8–10 (in Chinese)
34
B, Xian J, Wan Z, Jiang J, Zhang Z, Li Y Yu (2012). Sedimentary characteristics and model of gravity flow deposition in the depressed belt of rift lacustrine basin: a case study from Dongying Formation in Nanpu Depression.Earth Sci Front, 19(1): 121–135
35
B Xian, L Wang, J Liu, Z Lu, Y Li, S Niu, Y Zhu, F Hong (2016). Sedimentary characteristics and model of delta-fed turbidites in Eocene easterm Dongying depression. J China U Petrol (Natural Science Version), 40(5): 10–21 (in Chinese)
36
T, Yang Y, Cao Y, Wang S Zhang (2015). Types, sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanisms of deep-water gravity flows: a case study of the middle submember in Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Jiyang Depression.Acta Petrol Sin, 36(9): 1048–1059
37
W, Yang Q, Wang Y, Song Z, Jiang W, Meng G, Liu B Zhang (2020). New scaling model of the spontaneous imbibition behavior of tuffaceous shale: constraints from the tuff-hosted and organic matter-covered pore system.J Nat Gas Sci Eng, 81: 103389 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103389
38
M Yao, J Zhong, J Guo, H Yang, J Liu (2004). Turbidite characteristics of delta front for the 3rd Member of Shahejie Formation in Niuzhuang Sag, Jiyang depression. Geol J China U, 10(4): 624–633 (in Chinese)
39
G Yuan, J Gluyas, Y Cao, N H Oxtoby, Z Jia, Y Wang, K Xi, X Li (2015). Diagenesis and reservoir quality evolution of the Eocene sandstones in the northern Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China Mar Pet Geol, 62: 77–89 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.01.006
40
Y Zhang, X Zhang, H Cao, X Zheng, J Wang, J Zhang (2020). Paleogene lake deep water sedimentary facies in the northern zone of the Chezhen Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China. J Petrol Explor Product Techn, 10(1): 4–14 (in Chinese)
41
W Zhao, L Qiu, Z Jiang, Y Chen, J Liu, Y Yang (2011). Distribution and evolution of sedimentary facies of the middle of the third member of Shahejie Formation, Paleogene System in Minfeng Sub-sag, Jiyang Depression. Acta Sediment Sin, 29(2): 5–10 (in Chinese)
42
X Zhu, J Xiong, Z Liu, Q Xin (1991). Axial gravity flow deposit in Dongpu Depression. J China U Petrol (Natural Science Version), 15: 1–9 (in Chinese)
43
C Zou, Z Zhao, H Yang, J Fu, R Zhu, X Yuan, L Wang (2009). Genetic mechanism distribution of sandy debris flows in terrestrial lacustrine basin. Acta Sediment Sin, 27(6): 1065–1075 (in Chinese)
