|
|
|
Progresses in the ice formation of glaciers in
China |
| LI Xiangying1, Shangguan Donghui1, LIU Shiyin2, LU Aigang3 |
| 1.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science/Hydrology and Ecology Laboratory of Watershed, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 2.State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science/Hydrology and Ecology Laboratory of Watershed, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 3.Department of Environment and Life Sciences, Weinan Teachers University; |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Glaciers, formed by snowfall and characterized by movement and size, are the most sensitive indicators to climate change. The ice formation of glaciers (the processes, mechanisms and results of transformation from snow to ice) can indicate the growth condition, the formation process and the physical characteristics of glaciers. Its spatial variation can also reflect glacier change, and further reveal climate change. Studies on ice formation of glaciers in China were initiated in 1962, when Xie and others studied the ice formation of Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain. Other researchers followed suit and did studies on ice formation of glaciers in Qilian Mountain. As time goes by, the concept of ice formation came into being in China. This paper reviews the development history of glacier zones, and the studies of ice formation of glaciers in China since the 1960s. These studies mainly focus on Qilian Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Altay Mountain, and the western Kunlun Mountain, Himalaya Mountain, the southeastern Tibetan and Hengduan Mountains. The paper also discusses the significance of ice formation studies, the limitation and deficiency of previous studies, and the prospects and suggestions for future studies.
|
|
Issue Date: 05 September 2008
|
|
| 1 |
Benson C S (1959). Physical investigations on the snow and firn of northwestGreenland 1952, 1953 and 1954. Snow, Ice and Permafrost Research Establishment(SIPRE). Research report 26
|
| 2 |
Benson C S (1961). Stratigraphic studies in the snow and firn of the Greenlandice sheet. Folia Geographica Donica, 9: 13–37
|
| 3 |
Benson C S (1962). Stratigraphic studies in the snow and firn of the Greenlandice sheet. SIPPE research report 70
|
| 4 |
Dolgushin L D (1961). Main particularities of glaciations of central Asia.AHS. No.54
|
| 5 |
Han T D, Liu S Y, Ding Y J, et al. (2005). A characteristic mass balanceof Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain. Advances in Earth Science, 20(3): 298–303 (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
|
| 6 |
Kalesnik C U (1982). An introduction to glaciology. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 13–40
|
| 7 |
Kang S C, Qin D H, Ren J W, et al. (2005). New knowledge of transformationof snow to ice in the eastern Rongbu Glacier, the northern slope ofMount Qomolangma (Everest). Scientia GeographicaSinica, 25(4): 415–419 (in Chinese with English abstract)
|
| 8 |
Kotterlongcov V M (1984). Glacidogy dictionary. Leningrad: Hydrology and MeteorologyPress, 144–147 (in Russian)
|
| 9 |
Langway C C (1967). Stratigraphic analysis of a deep ice core from Greenland. CRREL research report, 77
|
| 10 |
Li J J (1986). The distribution and characters of modern glaciers.Tibetan plateau exploration team, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Tibetanglaciers. Beijing: Science Press, 6–36 (in Chinese)
|
| 11 |
Li J J, et al. (1983). The investigation of glaciers in Gongga Mountain.The exploration team of Tibetan plateau, Academia Sinica. Researchon Tibetan plateau, special volume of Hengduan Mountain. Kunming: Yunnan People Press, 140–153 (in Chinese)
|
| 12 |
Li X Y (2006). The present environmental processes of snow-ice on GlacierNo.1 at the Urumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain: a. Ice formationzones and stratigraphy profiles; b. Seasonal variations and elutionprocesses of pH and electrical conductivity: [Dissertation].Lanzhou: Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and EngineeringResearch Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (inChinese with English abstract)
|
| 13 |
Li X Y, Ding Y J, Liu S Y, et al. (2007). Primary studies of stratigraphyprofiles of pH and electrical conductivity in snow pits on Miaoergouglacier, Hami and Glacier No.51 at Haxilegen of the Kuytun River,Tianshan Mountain. Journal of Glaciologyand Geocryology, 29(5): 710–716 (in Chinese with English abstract)
|
| 14 |
Li X Y, Li Z Q, You X N, et al. (2006). Studies of the ice formationzones and stratigraphy profiles of snow pits on Glacier No.1 at theUrumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain. Journalof Glaciology and Geocryology, 27(1): 37–44 (in Chinese with English abstract)
|
| 15 |
Li Z Q (2005). A glacier meltwater pool was discovered at summit ofeast branch of Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain,Xinjiang. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 27(1): 150–152 (in Chinesewith English abstract)
|
| 16 |
Liu C H, Ding L F (1988). A primarycalculation of temperature and precipitation in Tianshan Mountain,China. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 10(2): 151–159 (in Chinesewith English abstract)
|
| 17 |
Liu C H, Xie Z C, Gyuregainov M B, et al. (1996). Glacial action in TianshanMountain. Beijing: Science Press, 96–115 (in Chinese)
|
| 18 |
Liu C H, Gyuregainov M B (1989). Studyon processes of mass balance of Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River head,Tianshan Mountain. Annual Report of TianshanGlaciological Station, 8: 1–23 (in Chinesewith English abstract)
|
| 19 |
Liu Z C (1960). The modern glaciers in Qilian Mountain. Florilegiumof papers in national geographical meeting (physiognomy). Beijing: Science Press (in Chinese)
|
| 20 |
Muller F (1962). Zonation in the accumulation area of glaciers of AxelHeiberg Island, N.W.T., Canada. Journalof Glaciology, 4: 302–313
|
| 21 |
Paterson W S B (1987). The physics of glaciers. Second edition . Oxford, etc., Elsevier
|
| 22 |
Qin D H, Ren J W (2001). Antarcticglaciology. Beijing: Science Press, 61–69 (in Chinese)
|
| 23 |
Qiu J Q (1986). Expression and meanings of routine terms of snow-anintroduction to terms and classes in avalanches charts. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 8(1): 89–96 (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
|
| 24 |
Ren B H (1963). The ablation, accumulation and ice formation of modernglaciers in Qilian Mountain. Study dataof glaciology and cryopedology (in Chinese)
|
| 25 |
Sekin Y P (1962). Mass income in firn basin of glaciers. Moscow: Science Press, No. 8 (in Russian)
|
| 26 |
Shi A P (1992). General features of Nakeduola Glacier No.7 in the northernslope of Xixiabangma Mountain and Hailuogou Glacier in Gongga Mountain:[Dissertation]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
|
| 27 |
Shi Y F, Huang M H, Ren B H, et al. (1988). An introduction to glaciersin China. Beijing: Science Press, 55–57 (in Chinese)
|
| 28 |
Shi Y F, Ji Z X (1982). The distributionand types of modern glaciers in Xixiabangma area. Exploration reportsof Xixiabangma area. Beijing: Science Press, 24–39 (in Chinese)
|
| 29 |
Shi Y F, Xie Z C (1964). Generalfeatures of modern glaciers in China. ActaGeographical Sinica, 30(3): 83–208 (in Chinese with English abstract)
|
| 30 |
Shumskii P A (1955). Principles of structura glaciology. Moscow: Science Press, 401–464 (in Russian)
|
| 31 |
Shumskii P A, Sekin Y P (1962). Regionalproblems of glaciology, glaciology research, protection and discussiondata, Moscow, (in Russian)
|
| 32 |
Su Z, Wang L L, Pu J C, et al. (1987). The primary study of basiccharacteristics of modern glaciers in Hengduan Mountain. Collected publication of glaciology meeting (glaciology). Lanzhou: Gansu People Press, 96–103 (in Chinese)
|
| 33 |
The exploration teams of Tibetan plateau,Academia Sinica. (1996). HengduanMountain glaciers. Beijing: Science Press, 1–26 (in Chinese)
|
| 34 |
The utilization and variations of glaciersin Qilian Mountain. (1985). The collected publication of Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology andCryopedology, Academia Sinica (No.5). Beijing: Science Press, 1–40 (in Chinese)
|
| 35 |
Wang F T, Li Z Q, You X N, et al. (2006). Study of ice formation processof surface snow layer in accumulation area of Glacier No.1 at theUrumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain. Journalof Glaciology and Geocryology, 27(1): 45–53 (in Chinese with English abstract)
|
| 36 |
Wang L L, Liu C H, Kang X C, et al. (1983). Fundamental features ofmodern glaciers in Altay Mountain. Journalof Glaciology and Geocryology, 5(4): 27–38 (in Chinese with English abstract)
|
| 37 |
Wang L L, Zhang W J (1985). The modernglaciers in the Tuomuer peaks, meteorology and glaciers in the Tuomuerpeaks. Urumqi: Xinjiang People Press, 43–49 (in Chinese)
|
| 38 |
Wang X J, Wang Z X, Xie Z C (1988). A change trend of recent climatein Tianshan Mountain regions from the change of the past 28 yearsof Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain. Chinese Science Bulletin, 9: 693–696
|
| 39 |
Wang X J, Zhang J H (1982). The observationson accumulation and stratigraphy profiles on Glacier No.1 at the UrumqiRiver head. Annual Report of Tianshan GlaciologicalStation, 1: 11–21 (in Chinese)
|
| 40 |
Wang Z T, Shao W Z and Zhang J H (1986). The characteristicsof Heigou Glacier No.8 in the southern slope of Bogeda Mountain
|
| 41 |
Williams R S Jr, Hall D K, Benson C S (1991). Analysis of glacier facies usingsatellite techniques. Journal of Glaciology, 37(125): 120–128
|
| 42 |
Xie Z C (1982). Snow and ice formation in the northern slope of theXixiabangma peaks. Exploration reports of the Xixiabangma area. Beijing: Science Press, 45–59 (in Chinese)
|
| 43 |
Xie Z C (1984). Studies of ice formation and ice fabric on the Law Dome,Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 6(1): 1–23 (in Chinese)
|
| 44 |
Xie Z C, Huang M H (1988). The iceformation of glaciers in China. In: : Shi et al., eds.The overviewof glaciers in China. Beijing: Science Press, 55–68 (in Chinese)
|
| 45 |
Xie Z C, Huang M H, Mi A L, et al. (1965). An evolution of the snow-firnlayer and ice formation on Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi river head,Tianshan Mountain. Studies of glaciologyand hydrology in the Urumqi river, Tianshan Mountain. Beijing: Science Press, 1–14 (in Chinese)
|
| 46 |
Xie Z C, Wang L L, Wu G H, et al. (1985). The ice formation of glaciersin Qilian Mountain. Collected publicationof Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, Academia Sinica, 5: 27–40
|
| 47 |
Xie Z C, Wang Z T (1975). Ice formationof glaciers in the northern slope of Everest area. Exploration report of Everest area (1966–1968). Beijing: Science Press, 8–25 (in Chinese)
|
| 48 |
Xie Z C, Wu G H, Wang Z X, et al. (1983). The ice formation of thenorthern slope of the Bogeda peaks, Tianshan Mountain. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 5(3): 37–46 (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
|
| 49 |
Xie Z C, Zheng B X, Li J J, et al. (1982). The variations, characteristicsand distribution of glaciers in China. Collected publication of glaciology and geocryology meeting (glaciology). Beijing: Science Press, 1–13 (in Chinese)
|
| 50 |
Yao T D, Pu J C, Wang N L, et al. (1998). A new type of glacier zonesfound in the Himalayas. Chinese ScienceBulletin, 43(1): 94–97
|
| 51 |
You X N, Li Z Q, Wang F T (2005). Study on time scale of snow-ice transformationthrough snow layer tracing method-take Glacier No.1 at the UrumqiRiver head as an example. Journal of Glaciologyand Geocryology, 27(6): 853–860 (in Chinese with English abstract)
|
| 52 |
Zhang W J, Xie Z C (1981). New dataand variations of some glaciers in the southern Tibetan. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 3(4): 61–64 (in Chinesewith English abstract)
|
| 53 |
Zheng B X (1963). The distribution and characteristics of modern glaciersin Qilian Mountain. Study data of glaciologyand cryopedology (in Chinese)
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
| |
Shared |
|
|
|
|
| |
Discussed |
|
|
|
|
