Abundance and diversity of snow bacteria in two glaciers at the Tibetan Plateau

doi:10.1007/s11707-009-0016-6

Front Earth Sci Chin

2009, Vol. 3

Issue (1) : 80-90 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-009-0016-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Abundance and diversity of snow bacteria in two glaciers at the Tibetan Plateau

Yongqin LIU¹(

), Tandong YAO¹, Nianzhi JIAO², Shichang KANG¹, Yonghui ZENG², Xiaobo LIU¹

1. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 2. State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Sciences, Xiamen 361005, China

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Abstract

Snow bacterial abundance and diversity at the Guoqu Glacier and the East Rongbuk Glacier located in the central and southern Tibetan Pateau were investigated using a 16S rRNA gene clone library and flow cytometry approach. Bacterial abundance was observed to show seasonal variation, with different patterns, at the two glaciers. High bacterial abundance occurs during the monsoon season at the East Rongbuk Glacier and during the non-monsoon season at the Guoqu Glacier. Seasonal variation in abundance is caused by the snow bacterial growth at the East Rongbuk Glacier, but by bacterial input from the dust at the Guoqu Glacier. Under the influence of various atmospheric circulations and temperature, bacterial diversity varies seasonally at different degrees. Seasonal variation in bacterial diversity is more distinct at the Guoqu Glacier than at the East Rongbuk Glacier. Bacterial diversity at the two glaciers exhibits different responses to various environmental conditions. More bacteria at the Guoqu Glacier are connected with those from a soil environment, while more bacteria affiliated with a marine environment occur at the East Rongbuk Glacier.

Keywords bacteria abundance diversity snow glacier Tibetan Peau

Corresponding Author(s): LIU Yongqin,Email:yqliu@itpcas.ac.cn

Issue Date: 05 March 2009

Cite this article:

Yongqin LIU,Tandong YAO,Nianzhi JIAO, et al. Abundance and diversity of snow bacteria in two glaciers at the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Front Earth Sci Chin, 2009, 3(1): 80-90.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-009-0016-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2009/V3/I1/80

Fig.1 Location of the Guoqu and Rongbuk Glacier on the central and southern Tibetan Plateau

Fig.2 Cell abundance, O, concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, SO, NO, and NH at different layers of the East Rongbuk Glacier (a) and Guoqu Glacier (b)

category	sequencename	GenBank accession number	number of clones	season	genus	nearest neighbor
sequence	Value/ %	isolated environment
Actinobacteria	G2-3	EU153005	1	M	Arthrobacter	DQ341415	98	Antarctic ice
	G2-79	EU153013	1	M	Arthrobacter	AF479354	98	Guliya ice core, China
	G2-80	EU153014	1	M	Arthrobacter	DQ339601	99	Alpine subnival plants
	G22-17	EU153019	2	M	Arthrobacter	DQ339622	98	Alpine subnival plants
	G22-20	EU153020	3	M	Arthrobacter	98
	G2-19	EU153000	2	M	Arthrobacter	DQ351727	97	Antarcitc soil
	G2-65	EU153007	1	M	Brevibacterium	AY475193	99	River
	G2-76	EU153012	1	M	Brevibacterium	AY468374	99	Human
	G22-26	EU153021	1	M	Brevibacterium	AY282467	98	Marine water
	G2-84	EU153015	3	M	Brevibacterium	AJ786343	97	Antarctic seawater
	RBL-7-47	DQ323109	1	M	Brevibacterium	EU982454	99	Hydrothermal vent sediment
	RBL-7-45	DQ323108	9	B	Kocuria	AY439260	99	Greenland ice core
	G6-7	EU153040	1	N	unclassified	AF468441	99	Arctic sea ice
Alpha-proteobacteria	RBL-7-59	DQ323111	1	N	Afipia	U87763	99	Unspecified source
	G2-61	EU153006	1	M	Bradyrhizobium	DQ125657	99	Soil
	G22-57	EU153031	1	M	Methylocella	AY913510	97	Soil
	G22-28	EU153023	4	M	Ochrobactrum	AM411068	99	Deep sea
	G22-30	EU153025	1	M	Ochrobactrum	AM411072	99
	G22-41	EU153028	2	M	Phenylobacterium	DQ490042	99	Ridge flank crustal fluids
	G2-66	EU152996	1	M	Phyllobacterium	AF290483	99	Sheep
	RBL-5-30	DQ323100	2	N	Roseobacter	AY349459	99	Marine
	RBL-9-34	DQ323114	2	M	Ruegeria	AY749436	99	Unspecified source
	RBL-5-32	DQ323101	1	N	Sphingomonas	AY571828	99	Antarctica soil
	RBL-10-69	DQ323088	2	M	Sphingomonas	AJ810843	96	Marine
	G2-12	EU152998	1	M	Sphingomonas	AB245346	97	Soil
	G2-28	EU153004	1	M	Sphingomonas	DQ092868	97	Unspecified source
	G2-69	EU153008	1	M	Sphingomonas	DQ151830	99	Permafrost in the Tianshan Mountains, China
	G2-73	EU153011	1	M	Sphingomonas	DQ071104	99	Marine water
	G2-85	EU153016	2	M	Sphingomonas	AY749436	99	Unspecified source
	G22-29	EU153024	1	M	Sphingomonas	AF503277	99	Soil
	G22-37	EU153027	1	M	Sphingomonas	DQ248230	97	Soil
	RBL-4-63	DQ323098	2	M	Stappia	AM403232	99	Marine
Beta-proteobacteria	RBL-5-15	DQ323099	15	B	Acidovorax	DQ111771	100	Salt marsh wetland sediments
	G6-212	EU153033	1	N	Aquabacterium	AB162105	97	Upland soil
	RBL-7-22	DQ323104	2	N	Curvibacter	AB021390	99	Unspecified source
	RBL-7-37	DQ323105	1	N	Polaromonas	AY584576	99	Lake
	G6-9	EU153042	4	N	Polaromonas	AY315174	98	Franz Josef Glacier,New Zealand
	G6-215	EU153034	4	N	Polaromonas	AY315177	97	Franz Josef Glacier,New Zealand
	G6-29	EU153036	11	N	Polaromonas	EF127651	98	Subsurface soil
	RBL-9-51	DQ323115	1	M	Rhodoferax	AF435948	98	Sediment in bay
	G2-22	EU153002	1	M	Ralstonia	DQ676998	98	Estuary sediment
	G22-27	EU153022	1	M	Ralstonia	AY162057	98	Soil
	RBL-10-97	DQ323089	1	M	unclassified	AY691544	95	Unspecified source
	G6-52	EU153037	2	N	unclassified	DQ228409	96	John Evans Glacier,Canada
	G6-58	EU153038	2	N	unclassified	AY622269	96	Soil
Gamma-proteobacteria	RBL-5-44	DQ323102	1	N	Alteromonas	AY344429	99	Hotspot
	RBL-7-20	DQ323103	11	B	Acinetobacter	DQ011839	98	Soil
	RBL-9-29	DQ323113	1	M	Acinetobacter	AY800383	98	Unspecified source
	RBL-10-26	DQ323085	50	B	Acinetobacter	EU603514	99	Soil
	RBL-7-44	DQ323107	1	N	Rhodanobacter	AY218596	96	Sediments from Antarctica
	RBL-10-19	DQ323083	9	M	Enterobacter	DQ129702	98	Soil
	RBL-10-20	DQ323084	56	B	Enterobacter	EU915234	99	Arctic sediment
	G22-31	EU153026	1	M	Nevskia	AJ001011	97	Unspecified source
	G2-27	EU153003	1	M	Pseudomonas	DQ339614	99	Alpine subnival plants
	G2-72	EU153010	1	M	Pseudomonas		99
	G22-10	EU153018	1	M	Pseudomonas		98
	G22-50	EU153029	2	M	Pseudomonas		99
	G2-87	EU153017	1	M	Pseudomonas	AY622264	98	Subsurface soil
	RBL-10-37	DQ323087	3	M	Yersinia	EU196322	98	Arctic cold spring
	RBL-10-17	DQ323082	4	M	unclassified	AF534210	96	Soil
	RBL-4-101	DQ323095	4	B	uclassified	AB195735	93	Lake
	RBL-3-8	DQ323091	2	M	uclassified	EU915234	97	Arctic sediment
	RBL-10-30	DQ323086	1	M	uclassified	DQ256350	96	Subsurface water
	G2-20	EU153001	2	M	unclassified	AF498721	99	Soil
CFB	G22-92	EU153032	1	M	Chitinophaga	AY038612	99	Lake sediment
	RBL-3-9	DQ323092	1	M	Flectobacillus	AY584583	98	Lake
	RBL-7-38	DQ323106	2	N	Flavobacterium	AJ508711	98	Unspecified source
	G2-11	EU152997	2	M	Hymenobacter	AY792304	98	Freshwater lake
	G6-26	EU153035	2	N	Hymenobacter	DQ418532	96	Puruogangri ice core,China
	G6-88	EU153041	28	N	Hymenobacter		96
	G6-64	EU153039	5	N	Hymenobacter	DQ351728	96	Antarctic soil
Firmicutes	RBL-4-31	DQ323097	22	B	Anoxybacillus	AM902721	99	Hot spring
	G22-55	EU153030	1	M	Bacillus	DQ129493	98	Urban aerosols
	RBL-10-15	DQ323081	1	M	Brevibacillus	AJ586388	98	Unspecified source
	G2-18	EU152999	1	M	Planococcus	AJ496039	99	Antarctic soil
Cyanobacteria	RBL-3-13	DQ323090	5	B	Chamaesiphon	AF076162	96	Antarctic lake ice
	RBL-7-58	DQ323110	9	N	Synechococcus	EF395747	98	Estuarine water
TM7candidate phylum	RBL-7-9	DQ323112	1	N	TM7unclassified	AF513102	96	Foaming activated sludge

Tab.1 Snow bacterial 16S rRNA gene clones at the Guoqu Glacier (G) and East Rongbuk Glacier (RBL) and their nearest neighbor in the GenBank database.

Fig.3 Bacterial diversity at the East Rongbuk Glacier during the monsoon season (RBL-m) and the non-monsoon season (RBL-N), and at the Guoqu Glacier during the monsoon season (G2) and the non-monsoon season (G6)

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