Flooding impact on the distribution of microbial tetraether lipids in paddy rice soil in China

doi:10.1007/s11707-013-0382-y

Front Earth Sci

2013, Vol. 7

Issue (3) : 384-394 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-013-0382-y

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Flooding impact on the distribution of microbial tetraether lipids in paddy rice soil in China

Asma AYARI, Huan YANG, Shucheng XIE(

)

State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

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Abstract

Isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) lipids were studied in flooded and non-flooded paddy soil in Wuhan, central China, to examine the response of the GDGTs distribution to the soil flooding. Samples were collected before and after the soil flooding in four specific months. Both core (CL) and intact polar (IPL) GDGTs were quantified. Increase in the abundance of archaeol and caldarchaeol may be indicative of the occurrence of methanogens in the flooded soil. A negative correlation was observed between the ratio of IPL branched GDGT-IIa to GDGT-Ia and the soil pH. The rise of the soil pH in the acid soil is known to be controlled by the redox conditions resulting from flooding. Thus, the branched GDGTs distribution may be controlled by the water content in the paddy soil. In addition, we suggest that the anoxic conditions resulting from flooding may also control the abundance of branched GDGTs relative to crenarchaeol, which in turn results in the increase of branched and isoprenoidal tetraethers (BIT) values, the index for the terrestrial input to the marine sediments.

Keywords glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) soil flooding soil pH redox conditions GDGTs distribution branched and isoprenoidal tetraethers (BIT)

Corresponding Author(s): XIE Shucheng,Email:xiecug@163.com

Issue Date: 05 September 2013

Cite this article:

Huan YANG,Shucheng XIE,Asma AYARI. Flooding impact on the distribution of microbial tetraether lipids in paddy rice soil in China[J]. Front Earth Sci, 2013, 7(3): 384-394.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-013-0382-y
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2013/V7/I3/384

Fig.1 Structures of the glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) and isoprenoid DGD analyzed in this study with corresponding [M+H] ions and nomenclature.

Fig.2 Relative abundance of the isoprenoidal and branched GDGTs in the core fraction (CL GDGTs), in the acid fraction hydrolyzed (IPL GDGTs) and in the fraction submitted to the alkaline hydrolysis (IPLp GDGTs).

Fig.3 Ratio profiles of (a) IPL GDGT-V and IPL GDGT-IV to their respective CL counterparts , (b) core archaeol to CL GDGT-IV and intact polar archaeol to IPL GDGT-IV , and (c) CL GDGT-V to CL GDGT-IV and IPL GDGT-V to IPL GDGT-IV.

Tab.1 Measured pH and temperature values, relative distribution data (bGDGT-IIa/ bGDGT-Ia), proxy values (MBT, CBT and BIT) and estimated pH and temperatures (after Weijers et al. ()).

Fig.4 CL GDGT-IIa to CL GDGT-Ia and IPL GDGT-IIa to IPL GDGT-Ia ratio profiles (a), variation in MBT () for CL and IPL fractions (b), the comparison of estimated temperatures (MAT) based on CL (open square) and IPL (grey filled diamonds), the mean annual air temperature of Wuhan (dashed line), and the measured soil temperature in situ (black circles) (c), variation in MBT` () for CL and IPL fractions (d), and comparison of estimated temperatures (MAT`) based on CL (open square) and IPL (grey filled diamonds) (e).

Fig.5 Cross-plots between IPL GDGT-IIa to IPL GDGT-Ia ratio and measured soil temperature (a), correlation between IPL GDGT-IIa to IPL GDGT-Ia ratio and soil pH (b), IPL GDGT-IIa to IPL GDGT-Ia ratio and soil pH in the beginning of soil flooding and during the flooding (c), CBT pH () (d), measured soil pH vs. CBT derived pH (e), and CBT pH` () (f). Dry soil (triangles), beginning of the soil flooding (squares) and during the soil flooding (circles). IPL fractions (black triangles, squares and circles) and CL fractions (open triangles, squares and circles).

Fig.6 Correlation of BIT index with the GDGT-V to crenarchaoel ratio for CL fraction (a) and IPL fraction (b).

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