Energy partitioning and environmental influence factors in different vegetation types in the GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment

doi:10.1007/s11707-014-0429-8

Front. Earth Sci.

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (4) : 582-594 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-014-0429-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Energy partitioning and environmental influence factors in different vegetation types in the GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment

Fengshan LIU^1,², Fulu TAO¹(

), Shenggong LI¹, Shuai ZHANG¹, Dengpan XIAO^1,³, Meng WANG^1,²

¹. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
². Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³. Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050011, China

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Abstract

Environmental influences upon energy balance in areas of different vegetation types (i.e., forest at Kog-Ma in Thailand and at Yakutsk in Russia, grassland at Amdo in Chinese Tibet and at Arvaikheer in Mongolia, and mixed farmland at Tak in Thailand) in the GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment were investigated. The sites we investigated are geographically and climatologically different; and consequently had quite large variations in temperature (T), water vapor pressure deficit (VPD), soil moisture (SM), and precipitation (PPT). During May–October, the net radiation flux (R _n) (in W·m^–2) was 406.21 at Tak, 365.57 at Kog-Ma, 390.97 at Amdo, 316.65 at Arvaikheer, and 287.10 at Yakutsk. During the growing period, the R _n partitioned into latent heat flux (λE/R _n) was greater than that partitioned into sensible heat flux (H/R _n) at Tak and at Kog-Ma. In contrast, λE/R _n was lower than H/R _n at Arvaikheer, H/R _n was less than λE/R _n between DOY 149 and DOY 270 at Amdo, and between DOY 165 and DOY 235 at Yakutsk. The R _n partitioned into ground heat flux was generally less than 0.15. The short-wave albedo was 0.12, 0.18, and 0.20 at the forest, mixed land, and grass sites, respectively.

At an hourly scale, energy partitions had no correlation with environmental factors, based on average summer half-hourly values. At a seasonal scale energy partitions were linearly correlated (usually p<0.05) with T, VPD, and SM. The λE/R _n increased with increases in SM, T, and VPD at forest areas. At mixed farmlands, λE/R _n generally had positive correlations with SM, T, and VPD, but was restrained at extremely high values of VPD and T. At grasslands, λE/R _n was enhanced with increases of SM and T, but was decreased with VPD.

Keywords energy balance vegetation type net radiation latent heat flux sensible heat flux short-wave albedo GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment

Corresponding Author(s): Fulu TAO

Online First Date: 28 March 2014 Issue Date: 13 January 2015

Cite this article:

Fengshan LIU,Fulu TAO,Shenggong LI, et al. Energy partitioning and environmental influence factors in different vegetation types in the GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2014, 8(4): 582-594.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-014-0429-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2014/V8/I4/582

Tab.1 General characteristics of observation sites

Tab.2 Height (depth for T _sl, SM) of environmental observations

Fig.1 Seasonal change pattern of water vapor pressure deficit. Data from all sites for S _d>200?W·m^–2 (Yakutsk>100?W·m^–2) were used.

Fig.2 Seasonal change pattern of atmospheric temperature. Data from all sites for S _d>200?W·m^–2 (Yakutsk>100?W·m^–2) were used.

Fig.3 Seasonal change of soil water content, precipitation and their relationship.

Fig.4 Seasonal changes of net radiation based on average diurnal values for S _d>200W·m^–2 (Yakutsk>100W·m^–2).

Fig.5 Seasonal changes of the ratio of R _n to latent heat, sensible heat flux, and ground heat flux (data is average daily value).

Fig.6 Daily change of net radiation (R _n), sensible heat (H), latent heat (λE), ground heat fluxes (G); the partitioning fraction of R _n into H, λE and G; soil moisture (SM), temperature (T), water vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Note: two sites were chose to represent the forest and grassland: the left column ((a), (c), (e) was the Kog-Ma site and the right column ((b), (d), and (f) was the Arvaikheer site. The left y axes in (e) and (f) have two units: % for SM, °C for temperature. Bars indicate ±S.E.

Fig.7 Seasonal congregated variation trend of all and different vegetation types. Note: (a), (d), (g) for forest at Kog-Ma and Yakutsk; (b), (e), (h) for grassland at Amdo and Arvaikheer; (c), (f), (i) for Tak. Linear regression, (a) y=0.014x+0.275, p<0.001, R ²=0.4; (b) y=0.061x ²–0.0018x+0.22, R ²=0.8, p<0.001; (c) y=0.008x ²–1.86*10^–4 x+0.418, R ²=0.08, p=0.29; (d) y=0.0023x+0.6, R ²=0.09, p=0.0895; (e) y=–0.0142x+0.542, R ²=0.23, p<0.001; (f) y=0.0426x ²–0.0014x+0.189, R ²=0.30, p=0.045; (g) y=0.0154x+0.255, R ²=0.61, p<0.001; (h) y=–0.0076x+0.506, R ²=0.032, p=0.111; (i) y=0.5x ²–0.0086x–6.79, R ²=0.25, p=0.07.

Fig.8 Seasonal change of short-wave albedo for 5-day average values.

Fig.9 Diurnal variation of short-wave albedo.

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