Evaluation of the occluded carbon within husk phytoliths of 35 rice cultivars

doi:10.1007/s11707-015-0549-9

Front. Earth Sci.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (4) : 683-690 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-015-0549-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Evaluation of the occluded carbon within husk phytoliths of 35 rice cultivars

Xing SUN¹,Qin LIU¹(

),Jie GU^1,²,Xiang CHEN¹,Keya ZHU^1,³

¹. Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
². College of Forest Resources & Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
³. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 201195, China

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Abstract

Rice is a well-known silicon accumulator. During its periods of growth, a great number of phytoliths are formed by taking up silica via the plant roots. Concurrently, carbon in those phytoliths is sequestrated by a mechanism of long-term biogeochemical processes within the plant. Phytolith occluded C (PhytOC) is very stable and can be retained in soil for longer than a millennium. In this study, we evaluated the carbon bio-sequestration within the phytoliths produced in rice seed husks of 35 rice cultivars, with the goal of finding rice cultivars with relatively higher phytolith carbon sequestration efficiencies. The results showed that the phytolith contents ranged from 71.6 mg·g^?1 to 150.1 mg·g^?1, and the PhytOC contents ranged from 6.4 mg·g^?1 to 38.4 mg·g^?1, suggesting that there was no direct correlation between the PhytOC content and the content of rice seed husk phytoliths (R= 0.092, p>0.05). Of all rice cultivars, six showed a higher carbon sequestration efficiency in phytolith seed husks. Additionally, the carbon bio-sequestration within the rice seed husk phytoliths was approximately 0.45?3.46 kg-e-CO₂·ha^?1·yr^?1. These rates indicate that rice cultivars are a potential source of carbon biosequestration which could contribute to the global carbon cycle and climate change.

Keywords carbon sequestration seed husks PhytOC phytolith rice cultivars

Corresponding Author(s): Qin LIU

Just Accepted Date: 04 December 2015 Online First Date: 08 January 2016 Issue Date: 04 November 2016

Cite this article:

Xing SUN,Qin LIU,Jie GU, et al. Evaluation of the occluded carbon within husk phytoliths of 35 rice cultivars[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2016, 10(4): 683-690.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-015-0549-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2016/V10/I4/683

Tab.1 The 35 tested rice cultivars collected from six provinces in China (the 35 cultivars belong to seven varieties)

Fig.1 The phytoliths extracted by the wet Ashing Method followed by Walkley and Black (1934) and Zuo and Lü (2011) from the rice husk samples.

Cultivars	Husk Weight /%	Phytolith content/ (mg·g^?1)	PhytON content in phytoliths/ (mg·g^?1)	PhytOC content in phytoliths /(mg·g^?1)	PhytOC content in seed husks /(mg·g^?1)	C/N of phytoliths	Estimated fluxes of PhytOC in seed husks/ (kg-CO₂·ha^?1·yr^?1)
Zhonghan 35	22.46	109.6±22.5	0.33±0.01	3.84±0.44	0.47±0.09	11.83±1.60	3.22±0.37
Xinliangyou 6	22.06	117.8±8.4	0.48±0.05	0.89±0.15	0.11±0.03	1.85±0.43	0.79±0.13
Tianyou 998	24.26	132.2±6.3	0.39±0.03	3.16±0.84	0.43±0.11	9.81±2.83	3.46±0.92
Gangyou 188	18.60	111.2±11.0	0.37±0.03	0.64±0.08	0.07±0.01	1.74±0.25	0.45±0.06
II you 1259	22.15	128.9±16.3	0.36±0.02	0.88±0.15	0.12±0.03	2.43±0.42	0.86±0.15
IIyou 501	25.16	129.3±5.1	0.45±0.02	1.72±0.83	0.22±0.11	3.81±1.71	1.91±0.92
Fuyou 21	22.53	98.8±6.5	0.49±0.03	2.32±0.35	0.23±0.02	4.73±0.51	1.76±0.27
Chuannong 1	19.67	71.6±7.6	0.50±0.09	1.10±0.14	0.08±0.01	2.22±0.19	0.53±0.07
Zhongyou 7	19.79	97.6±8.5	0.53±0.06	1.07±0.46	0.10±0.04	2.00±0.82	0.70±0.30
Yixiang 2079	22.77	118.5±4.9	0.43±0.10	1.07±0.64	0.13±0.08	2.39±1.05	0.98±0.59
IIyou 1313	20.25	110.8±3.1	0.51±0.07	1.26±0.37	0.14±0.04	2.44±0.63	0.96±0.28
Yixiang 725	22.65	132.4±16.2	0.40±0.03	0.66±0.09	0.09±0.02	1.65±0.22	0.67±0.09
Tenuo 2072	19.83	148.5±31.4	0.34±0.06	2.83±0.28	0.42±0.10	8.52±1.09	2.84±0.28
Zhenzhunuo	26.65	113.9±56.9	0.34±0.04	0.89±0.12	0.11±0.06	2.63±0.60	0.92±0.12
Huaidao 5	15.32	150.1±5.5	0.37±0.06	3.73±0.68	0.56±0.14	9.82±2.35	2.92±0.53
Huaidao 11	16.74	138.9±31.8	0.48±0.17	2.22±0.55	1.09±1.01	1.09±1.01	1.76±0.44
Lianjing 11	16.09	127.1±14.4	0.31±0.03	2.62±0.48	0.33±0.04	0.33±0.04	1.83±0.33
Yanjing 47-12	19.57	148.5±2.8	0.32±0.05	2.93±0.30	0.44±0.05	0.44±0.05	2.90±0.30
Wuyunjing 21	13.63	122.5±20.6	0.35±0.01	3.41±0.27	0.40±0.06	0.40±0.06	1.94±0.15
Zhengdao 18	16.60	131.0±55.9	0.37±0.07	0.80±0.09	0.10±0.04	0.10±0.04	0.59±0.07
Fengguan 16	17.84	79.4±6.4	0.54±0.03	3.09±0.49	0.25±0.05	0.25±0.05	1.49±0.24
Longjing 38	17.98	135.0±16.1	0.46±0.05	3.10±0.58	0.42±0.06	0.42±0.06	2.57±0.48
Longdao 12	18.14	149.9±7.9	0.43±0.02	2.01±0.15	0.30±0.03	0.30±0.03	1.86±0.14
Longjing 21	17.26	156.3±21.4	0.38±0.05	1.85±0.57	0.30±0.14	0.30±0.14	1.70±0.52
Longjing 36	16.63	119.8±10.6	0.49±0.03	2.05±0.55	0.25±0.08	0.25±0.08	1.39±0.37
Suidao 3	16.96	141.3±4.2	0.40±0.05	1.74±0.09	0.25±0.02	0.25±0.02	1.42±0.07
Jixidao 1	16.67	140.9±9.9	0.40±0.06	1.45±0.36	0.21±0.07	0.21±0.07	1.16±0.29
Nanjing 5055	15.40	136.2±9.7	0.35±0.05	1.14±0.23	0.15±0.02	0.15±0.02	0.81±0.16
Nanjing 46	14.72	105.7±4.2	0.55±0.07	2.26±0.33	0.24±0.15	0.24±0.15	1.19±0.17
Xiushui 09	15.10	125.5±1.6	0.45±0.07	1.72±0.40	0.22±0.05	0.22±0.05	1.11±0.26
Zhejing 88	15.14	146.5±10.5	0.54±0.07	1.48±0.31	0.22±0.06	0.22±0.06	1.12±0.23
Xiushui 134	17.39	138.4±4.1	0.53±0.04	1.12±0.02	0.16±0.00	0.16±0.00	0.92±0.02
8you 682	19.52	89.5±6.7	0.48±0.01	2.39±0.13	0.21±0.03	0.21±0.03	1.42±0.08
Sujingnuo 1	15.87	124.1±19.8	0.44±0.01	2.01±0.25	0.55±0.59	0.55±0.59	1.35±0.17
Zhenou 65	16.89	134.0±6.4	0.47±0.03	2.35±0.61	0.27±0.01	0.27±0.01	1.81±0.47

Tab.2 Rice cultivars, seed husk content as a percentage of rice, content of phytoliths, PhytON and PhytOC in the seed husk on a dry weight basis, and the estimated fluxes of PhytOC per ha in Mg of CO₂ equivalents (Mg-e-CO₂) for rice (according to gain yields of single rice crops of 9.28 Mg·ha^?1*)

Tab.3 Correlation coefficients between the seven variables of the 35 rice cultivars

Tab.4 Rice varieties, the seed husk content as a percentage of rice, the content of phytoliths, PhytON and PhytOC in seed husk on a dry weight basis and the estimated fluxes of PhyOC per ha in Mg of CO₂ equivalents (Mg-e-CO₂) for rice (according to gains in yields of single rice crops of 9.28 Mg·ha^?1*)

Tab.5 Correlation coefficients between the seven variables of the seven varieties

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