Embodied water analysis for Hebei Province, China by input-output modelling

doi:10.1007/s11707-016-0614-z

Front. Earth Sci.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (1) : 72-85 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0614-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Embodied water analysis for Hebei Province, China by input-output modelling

Siyuan LIU^1,², Mengyao HAN^3,⁴, Xudong WU⁴(

), Xiaofang WU⁴, Zhi LI⁴, Xiaohua XIA⁵, Xi JI⁶(

)

¹. Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Heavy Machinery Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
². Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science, Ministry of Education of China, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
³. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
⁴. College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
⁵. School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
⁶. School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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Abstract

With the accelerating coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, regional economic integration is recognized as a national strategy. As water scarcity places Hebei Province in a dilemma, it is of critical importance for Hebei Province to balance water resources as well as make full use of its unique advantages in the transition to sustainable development. To our knowledge, related embodied water accounting analysis has been conducted for Beijing and Tianjin, while similar works with the focus on Hebei are not found. In this paper, using the most complete and recent statistics available for Hebei Province, the embodied water use in Hebei Province is analyzed in detail. Based on input-output analysis, it presents a complete set of systems accounting framework for water resources. In addition, a database of embodied water intensity is proposed which is applicable to both intermediate inputs and final demand. The result suggests that the total amount of embodied water in final demand is 10.62 billion m³, of which the water embodied in urban household consumption accounts for more than half. As a net embodied water importer, the water embodied in the commodity trade in Hebei Province is 17.20 billion m³. The outcome of this work implies that it is particularly urgent to adjust industrial structure and trade policies for water conservation, to upgrade technology and to improve water utilization. As a result, to relieve water shortages in Hebei Province, it is of crucial importance to regulate the balance of water use within the province, thus balancing water distribution in the various industrial sectors.

Keywords input-output analysis Hebei Province embodied water embodied water intensity

Corresponding Author(s): Xudong WU,Xi JI

Just Accepted Date: 23 November 2016 Online First Date: 13 December 2016 Issue Date: 23 January 2018

Cite this article:

Siyuan LIU,Mengyao HAN,Xudong WU, et al. Embodied water analysis for Hebei Province, China by input-output modelling[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2018, 12(1): 72-85.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-016-0614-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2018/V12/I1/72

Tab.1 Basic structure of systems input-output table

Fig.1 Embodied water flows for Sector i (k^thwater resource for example).

Fig.2 Embodied water intensity of 42 Sectors.

Fig.3 Water embodied in final demand by sector.

Fig.4 Embodied water in final demand by industry.

Fig.5 Water embodied in trade by sector. (a) Water avoided by imports. (b) Water embodied in exports.

Fig.6 Embodied water in trade balance.

Code	Sector	Agricultural production	Industrial production	Biological protection	Household use	Total
01	Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, Fishery and Water Conservancy (Agriculture)	608.01	57.52	0.31	3.74	669.58
02	Coal Mining and Dressing	14.75	171.33	0.73	8.71	195.52
03	Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction	7.29	134.60	0.54	6.44	148.87
04	Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals Mining and Dressing	10.98	94.10	0.66	7.84	113.58
05	Nonmetal and Other Minerals Mining and Dressing	13.43	146.31	0.98	11.68	172.40
06	Food Processing, Food Production, Beverage Production, Tobacco Processing	278.36	224.73	0.55	6.54	510.18
07	Textile Industry	197.36	236.20	0.72	8.64	442.92
08	Garments and Other Fiber Products, Leather, Furs, Down and Related Products	123.09	248.71	0.62	7.38	379.80
09	Timber Processing, Bamboo, Cane, Palm and Straw Products, Furniture Manufacturing	58.90	233.87	0.51	6.10	299.38
10	Papermaking and Paper Products, Printing and Record Medium Reproduction, Cultural, Educational and Sports Articles	72.68	185.71	0.71	8.50	267.60
11	Petroleum Processing and Coking, Gas Production and Supply	11.68	282.91	0.64	7.65	302.88
12	Chemical Products Related Industry	39.49	222.16	1.12	13.42	276.19
13	Nonmetal Mineral Products	14.46	254.34	0.91	10.87	280.58
14	Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals	11.24	233.94	1.04	12.48	258.70
15	Metal Products	11.44	230.75	0.82	9.84	252.85
16	Ordinary Machinery, Equipment for Special Purpose	11.98	351.63	0.87	10.43	374.91
17	Transportation Equipment	13.16	346.14	0.85	10.17	370.32
18	Electric Equipment and Machinery	13.24	291.47	0.87	10.39	315.97
19	Electronic and Telecommunications Equipment	12.64	485.89	0.76	9.10	508.39
20	Instruments, Meters Cultural and Office Machinery	12.52	374.12	0.78	9.37	396.79
21	Manufacture of Artwork and Other Manufactures	38.87	242.51	0.75	9.02	291.15
22	Waste	0.87	26.27	0.06	0.68	27.88
23	Electric Power/Steam and Hot Water Production and Supply	11.02	123.85	1.43	17.12	153.42
24	Gas Production and Supply Industry	11.51	266.70	0.99	11.88	291.08
25	Water Production and Supply Industry	9.23	163.06	864.71	10333.28	11370.28
26	Construction Industry	16.72	143.27	1.21	14.46	175.66
27	Transport and Storage	34.19	80.59	1.24	14.83	130.85
28	Post	21.00	111.91	1.81	21.68	156.40
29	Information Transmission, Computer services and Software	15.83	123.12	1.12	13.43	153.50
30	Wholesale, Retail Trade	14.32	37.23	0.66	7.94	60.15
31	Hotels, Catering Service	111.68	84.77	2.74	32.71	231.90
32	Financial Industry	16.78	51.72	1.04	12.39	81.93
33	Real Estate	5.19	28.97	0.80	9.51	44.47
34	Leasing and Commercial Services	67.69	63.67	1.56	18.69	151.61
35	Research and Experimental Development	12.19	119.39	1.46	17.48	150.52
36	Polytechnic Services	20.60	123.62	2.25	26.84	173.31
37	Water conservancy, Environment and Public Facilities Management	12.58	73.40	1.76	21.09	108.83
38	Service to Households and Other Service	19.21	80.98	2.63	31.40	134.22
39	Education	11.64	68.04	3.30	39.44	122.42
40	Health, Social Security and Social Welfare	14.24	151.46	1.14	13.68	180.52
41	Culture, Sports and Entertainment	22.79	78.67	2.00	23.94	127.40
42	Public Management and Social Organization	16.51	58.36	2.13	25.42	102.42

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